High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Corn in Chongqing
In recent years, Chongqing has vigorously developed autumn vegetable corn in the suburbs, improving land utilization rate and land production efficiency, and alleviating the contradiction of autumn vegetable supply in the off-season. Autumn corn can generally produce about 1000 kilograms of fresh corn per mu, and it should be in the autumn and autumn season around October, with good benefits. The key points of its cultivation techniques are as follows:
1. Variety selection: Choose varieties with short growth period, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, beautiful panicle shape and good taste of fresh fruit, such as glutinous rice series, Sujing series, Jingke carp series and other varieties.
2, planting density: generally requires close planting, line spacing 1 m, nest distance 0.33-0.38 m, a nest of double plants, 3500-4000 plants per mu.
3, sowing: autumn corn is generally suitable for planting in late July, the latest planting time is not more than mid-August, high-altitude areas should be planted as early as mid-July. (1) Large-area production generally uses germination live broadcast technology. Use about 1.5 kg of acre, soak the seeds for 2-3 hours, moisturize and germination with a wet towel or wet sand. 2-3 seeds of live germination seeds per litter. The temperature of the autumn vegetable corn is high, the seed emergence is fast, the seedling can be emerged 3-5 days after sowing, and the seedling can be set after 10 days of emergence, leaving 2 plants per litter. (2) Plastic (9925-130.00-1.29%) floppy seedling transplanting technology. Each 50-100 hole corn special seedling plastic floppy disk is selected, the seed bed is 1.2-1.5 meters wide, the bed bottom is flat and compact, the nutrient soil is 70% of fertile loose vegetable garden soil, and 30% high quality farmyard manure and 1 3% of the phosphate fertilizer, mix well and sieve, add appropriate amount of human and animal waste water. Place the floppy disk in the whole seedbed, hold the bottom of the bottom and the bed tightly, then spread the prepared nutrient soil into the floppy disk hole (filling three quarters of the hole), and soak 2 seeds in each hole. The nutrient soil fills the hole, and the gap between the seedling tray and the nursery tray is filled with fine soil, water is poured, and finally a layer of wet straw or a shade net is built. The moisture of the seedbed is based on the soil and the white is not dry. After the emergence of the seedlings, the cover is removed in time to promote the growth. When the seedling grows to the second leaf to the three leaves, the field is transplanted.
4, straw cover. Rice field autumn sowing promotes straw cover and drought-resistant seedlings. In the case of severe drought during the emergence of the seedlings, the use of clear manure water to protect the seedlings.
5, formula fertilization. Corn is a fertilizer-tolerant crop, and sufficient fertilizer is important for establishing a high-yield shelf and achieving high yields. The general fertilization principle of autumn corn is: apply the base fertilizer, lightly apply the seedling fertilizer, apply the jointing fertilizer, and reapply the attacking fertilizer. The bottom fertilizer is applied to the seeding ditch with 2000 kg of soil slag fertilizer + 15 kg of urea or 30 kg of ammonium carbonate + 30-35 kg of superphosphate or 40 kg of special fertilizer for 35% of corn. After the emergence of the seedlings, 5 kg of urea is used to clean the manure with 2000 kg of seedlings. After entering the jointing period, the mu is topdressed with 10 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Corn enters the big bell mouth period, that is, 40-50 days after sowing, heavy application of attacking fertilizer, 30 kg of urea or 80 kg of ammonium carbonate plus 5 kg of potassium fertilizer and 2000 kg of drenched manure.
6, prevention of pests and diseases. The corn borer should be controlled according to the pest control report of the plant protection department, and the control period should be in the trumpet period. You can use Suyun bacillus wettable powder, 1% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate to mix fine sand, or use insecticidal double granules to mix and spread in the heart leaf. Be careful to stop using pesticides 7 to 10 days before harvesting to avoid excessive pesticide residues.
7, manual assisted pollination. The temperature of the autumn corn is unstable during the loose powder period, and the male and female are often uncoordinated. In addition, the autumn rain is more, and the natural pollination is not ideal. The artificial pollination should be strengthened. Reduce baldness and gain high yields. After most of the plant filaments are spit out, the mixed pollen is collected for artificial pollination twice. Improve the seed setting rate. At the same time, the loose powdered male flowers are removed from time to time to enhance light and permeability and reduce pests and diseases.
8. Harvest at the right time. Generally, the harvest period of autumn corn is 30 to 35 days after pollination. Premature harvesting is insufficient for grouting, insufficient sputum, low yield, and lack of fresh scent for late harvesting.
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