Wheat heavy winter tube seedlings high yield

Editor's note:

At the moment, wheat planting is nearing completion and an important winter tube season is about to usher. The strong and weak growth of wheat in winter is the basis for high yield of wheat. The general principle of winter wheat management is that the early seedlings should be refined, the late seedlings should be managed early, and the lack of seedlings should be replenished in time. In order to ensure the safe wintering of wheat, farmers in the wheat area should, under the guidance of local agricultural technicians, do a good job in the management of wheat fields for different seedlings and different conditions. In this issue, we edit a set of practical techniques and hope to help farmers.

 

"Viewing the color"

 

After sowing and emergence of wheat, due to the influence of natural conditions and cultivation measures, various abnormal color seedlings are often formed. In order to facilitate the management of seedlings and symptomatic treatment, the following are introduced as follows:

 

Reasons for the yellowing of yellow leaf seedlings: First, the soil is dry. This happens mostly in wheat fields where the bottom is not enough or the wind is running through. Its characteristics are: the tiller is born slowly, the leaves are grayish green, the heart leaves are short, the growth is slow or stagnant (the masses call it "reducing heart seedlings" ) , and the middle and lower leaves gradually turn yellow and dry, and the roots are few and thin. Management points: combined with watering, 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu ; second, nitrogen deficiency. The seedlings are thin and erect, with reduced tillering and narrow leaves. The lower leaves start from the tip of the blade and gradually turn yellow and dry, and develop into the upper blade. Management points: 7-8 kg of urea per acre , or 20-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate , or 600-700 kg of human excrement , applied in the inter-row ditch or water ; third, the soil plate is hard. Due to the lack of soil and lack of gas, the root system is difficult to stretch, resulting in short wheat leaves, and tillers cannot appear on time. Management points: first watering in time, then deep-cultivation of loose soil to break the stiff layer ; fourth, the amount of broadcast is too large. Its performance is that the seedlings grow crowded, contend for each other, compete for fertilizer, fight for water, and the plants are thin and thin. Management points: first grasp the sparse seedlings, especially the “small seedlings” at the head, the ground and the fields. It is necessary to early sparsely and sparsely, combined with watering, and apply a small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer to make up for the excessive consumption of soil nutrients. , to promote the wheat seedlings from weak to strong ; five is pests. It is also harmful to wheat bran or red spider, which can also cause yellowing of wheat leaves. Management points: found to be harmful, timely use 40% omethoate 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid spray.

 

The reason why red leaf seedlings form red leaf seedlings: First, waterlogging. In the autumn seedling period, there is too much rain or low wheat fields . The occurrence of waterlogging damage will make the leaves dark red, and when it is serious, it will cause dead roots. Management points: timely deep ditch drainage to remove stains, and apply a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer to promote early seedling ; second, lack of phosphorus. The wheat seedlings are deficient in phosphorus, the roots are poorly developed, the secondary roots are few and weak, the leaves are dark green and dull, the leaf tips and leaf sheaths are purple-red, the planting is thin, the tillering period is delayed, the number of tillers is reduced, and even the tillers are not divided. Management points: combined with sputum and loose soil, 20-30 kg of calcium phosphate per acre , applied in the inter-row ditch or water, the earlier the effect is better ; the third is the salt-alkali hazard. Salt-alkali damage to heavy plots, often appear in the form of purple-red "small old seedlings", when the seedlings die in severe cases. Management points: timely increase the temperature, break the knot, inhibit the return of salt, and timely apply winter fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings. When Hunchun wheat got up, it was topdressed and topdressed, and the water was pressed to salt ; the fourth was frozen. In winter, when the temperature suddenly drops below 0 °C, the freezing of the wheat seedlings will also cause the leaves to turn red. Management Points: combined hoe and heap soil around the root planning, ash mu applicator 75 to 100 kg, if necessary, into the winter wheat of the applicator along one ridge "warm manure ditch" to protect seedlings winter.

 

When the purple leaf seedlings were deficient in boron, the stems and leaves were thick and curved, and the leaves were purple. The formation of "Purple Leaf Seedlings", in the later period of severe "ears and not sputum", has a great impact on yield. Management points: 150-200 grams of borax per acre , watered with appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, or 50-100 grams of borax per acre , sprayed on 50-60 kilograms of water .

 

When the brown leaf seedlings are deficient in potassium, the plants grow slowly, the roots are poorly developed, and they are perishable. The leaves are dark green or blue-green, and they are weakly draped, the leaves and edges are yellow, and then brown, forming a "brown leaf seedling". Management points: 15 kg of potassium sulphate per acre , or 100 kg of ash , and trenching between rows, or spraying with 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

 

When yellow wheat seedlings are deficient in zinc, lobular disease occurs, the leaf margin is twisted or shrunk, and the veins turn from green to yellow until whitish, and yellow, white and green stripes appear at the edges to form "yellow white seedlings". Management points: 1 kg of zinc sulphate per acre , 15-20 kg of fine dry soil or organic fertilizer , ditching between rows, the earlier the effect is better, or spraying with 0.1%~0.2% zinc sulphate solution . Wang Yutang

 

Five points of winter management

After the emergence of seedlings to fill the wheat, the first thing to check is the emergence of seedlings. Any wheat field that lacks seedlings and ridges should be immediately blasted. For the lack of seedlings, the seeding volume is 5~10 kg per mu , the seeding depth is 5 cm, and the post-sowing is flat, so that the original wheat seedlings are exposed to the soil surface ; for the light- crop seedlings , the method of subdividing and hand-ditching is adopted. Replanting, covering soil after sowing ; for a small number of missing plots, you can take transplants to replant . The winter wheat is usually transplanted after the wheat grows to the three-leaf stage, and is completed before the frost . For the dry land that cannot be emerged due to drought, the drought-resistant seedlings should be unearthed to ensure the cotton seedlings are unearthed, and the seedlings are evenly seeded. seedling.

 

When the wheat seedlings of the topdressed wheat grow to the two-leaf one-to-three-leaf stage in time, regardless of whether the wheat-based fertilizer is applied or not, the wheat seedling fertilizer is generally applied. Generally, it is necessary to apply human ( animal ) large manure urine 15~20 or nitrogen fertilizer 15~20 kg. Only by timely topdressing can wheat wheat seedlings grow vigorously.

 

Re-application of wax fertilizer to prevent cold When the wheat grows to the five-leaf stage, the wheat farmers must combine the fertilization of the wheat before the pressure of wheat. Pork, beef, sheep generally should be applied per acre to about 50 Tam Tam 80, conditional village (villages or village groups), farmers organizations pick TangNi 300 mu to 500 Tam Tam dung or firewood dusty 50 to about 30 Tam Tam It can play the role of wheat wheat seedlings in fattening and cold protection. Farmers should increase the application of some quick-acting fertilizers to promote the balanced growth of large areas of wheat.

 

The principle of strengthening field management in winter and spring is: the early seedlings should be refined, the late seedlings should be managed early, the lack of seedlings should be germinated to replenish, and the hoes and fertilizers should be done in time to clear the ditch and prevent disease and eliminate pests. Wheat wheat seedlings generally require two times of alfalfa cultivating during winter management ; the first hoeing ( cultivating ) is carried out during wheat tillering. At this time, the young roots of wheat seedlings are suitable for shallow sorghum ; the second cultivating ( grass ) is carried out at the peak of wheat wheat seedlings ; at this time, the wheat seedlings are large, the wheat seedlings are strong, and the number of stems and leaves of the wheat seedlings has reached the winter tube index. it may be appropriate to hoe deep about 2 to 3 inches; wheat farmers are cultivating, weeding at the same time, but also with ditch cleaning work to do, so cultivator weeding once ditch cleaning once; in addition, also turning green wheat early fine One time, promote the new generation of tillers and consolidate the former tillers ; for the late sowing weak seedlings should be early fattening ; generally apply 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 5 kg of urea ; some fertile seedlings are postponed until jointing and topdressing.

 

Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases The key to controlling the early stage of powdery mildew and rust is to control the early bacterial sources of powdery mildew and rust ; especially to control the sheath blight and the midges, pay attention to the treatment of wheat spiders and treat aphids ; the focus of wheat heading to filling is to control the ear mites, A critical period of pests, adult larvae and rust, powdery mildew and other pests. It is recommended that the wheat farmers in each locality should select the pesticides for the prevention and control of pesticides according to the forecasting time of the pests in the local township agricultural technology stations. Zhou Shizhen

 

Remedy for deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency mainly showed that the plants were short and thin, with slow growth, few tillers and weak branches. The leaves were narrow and erect, the leaves were yellowish green, the leaves of the old leaves were dry, and gradually developed into leaves with yellow leaves. The stems were sometimes lavender and the roots were underdeveloped. The number of roots is small and short, the ear is small, the ear is small, the maturity is advanced, and the yield is low. Remedy: seedling, reviving nitrogen deficiency, urea per acre topdressing 7-8 kilograms, or 20 to 25 kg ammonium bicarbonate, human waste or between 600 and 700 kg of the row or furrow irrigated facilities; jointing The period of application of urea is 10~15 kg. For wheat fields with lighter leaf color and premature nitrogen deficiency and premature aging, 50~60 kg of 1-2% urea solution per acre can be used for foliar application.

 

Phosphorus-deficient wheat seedlings grow slowly, plants are short, leaves are dark green, dull, leaves and sheaths are purple when severe phosphorus deficiency ( this is a typical symptom of identifying phosphorus deficiency in wheat ) , secondary roots are weak and weak, less tillers, and ear-forming rate Low, heading, flowering delay, pollen formation and fertilization process are affected, grouting is not normal, 1000-grain weight is reduced, and quality is poor. Remedial measures: Phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage, 35~40 kg of superphosphate can be used per acre , deep application of ditch ; phosphorus deficiency in the middle and late stages, use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250 g per acre in the early stage of booting and flowering 50 kg of water Spray, spray once every 7~10 days, even spray 2~3 times.

 

The tip and leaf margin of the old leaves of the lower potassium seedlings first turn yellow, and then gradually turn brown, which looks like a fire. When the soil is severe, the whole leaves are dry and dry, the stems are small and weak, the roots are poorly developed, easy to fall, and easy to prematurely decay. Remedy: Apply 10 kg of potassium chloride or 50 kg of ash per acre during seedling period ; spray 50- kg of 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the middle and late stages of wheat growth, spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 2~3 times.

 

In the zinc-deficient seedling stage, the zinc-deficient leaves are chlorotic, the heart leaves are white, the zinc-deficient plants are short in the middle and late stages, the leaves are small and brittle, the internodes are shortened, the plants are dwarfed, the roots turn yellow, the empty mites are more, and the 1000-grain weight is low. Remedy: Spray with 0.2%~0.3% zinc sulphate solution and spray for 2~3 times to make the leaves turn green.

 

The boron-deficient stems and leaves are thick and curved, the sheath is purple-brown, the growth period is delayed, the pollen grains do not germinate, causing the flowers to be unreal, affecting the seed setting rate, and the empty ear will appear when the boron deficiency is serious. Remedial measures: 150~ 200g of borax is applied to foliar spray of 50~ 60kg of water , and sprayed once in wheat seedling stage and heading stage.

 

Manganese deficiency is mainly characterized by soft leaves under the leaves, streaky chlorosis between the new veins, from yellow-green to yellow, and the veins are still green ; sometimes the leaves are light green, the yellow stripes expand into brown spots, and the tips of the leaves appear to be scorched. Remedy: Apply 1 kg of manganese sulfate per acre , or spray 0.1% to 0.2% of manganese sulfate solution 2 to 3 times.

 

Iron deficiency in the wheat seedling stage found that the veins were chlorotic and yellow, and gradually the whole leaves of the chlorosis were yellowish white, which was the iron deficiency. Remedy: 0.1~0.2% ferrous sulfate solution can be sprayed on the foliar surface every 7~10 days, even spraying 2~3 times, the effect is good.

 

Copper deficiency When the tip of wheat leaves turns white and the edges are yellow-gray, it is a copper deficiency. Severe can hinder the heading and flowering. Remedy: Foliar spraying with 0.03%~0.04% copper sulfate solution for 2~3 times.

 

Molybdenum deficiency mainly manifests as chlorotic and yellowing of leaves, which first develops from the tip of the old leaves to the edge of the leaves, and then spreads inward from the edge of the leaves, firstly spots, then connected into lines and pieces, and the yellowed part becomes brown in severe cases. Finally died. Remedy: Foliar spray 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution, spray once every 7~10 days, even spray 2~3 times.

 

The edge of the magnesium-deficient leaves is yellow, and the mesophyll is yellow, but the veins are still green. When severe, the lower leaves begin to brown, and then die, then gradually spread to the upper leaves, flowering is also inhibited, development is slow, and yield is low. Remedy: Spray with 0.3%~0.4% magnesium sulfate solution and spray continuously for 2~3 times.

 

When calcium deficiency is deficient in calcium, it is mainly manifested in new leaves, the upper leaves are obviously reduced, the veins are yellowed, the leaves and leaves near the growth point are dead, and the tip of the leaves is often bent. Remedy: Foliar spray 0.3% calcium chloride solution or 1% superphosphate leaching solution, spray once every 7~10 days, even spray 2~3 times.

 

 

 

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