How to calculate the application amount of autumn fertilizer
Autumn harvesting has begun, and farmers and agrochemical service personnel from all over the world have sent letters to raise a lot of related fertilization problems. Now, some of the representative questions are asked by experts to answer them for the reference of farmers.
Mr. Lu from Luzhou, Hebei Province: What is the significance of the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake per crop of 100 kg of grain? Can it be used to calculate the amount of fertilizer applied?
A: The absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for producing 100 kilograms of grain is of great significance for guiding scientific fertilization. It can be seen that the nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) nutrients absorbed by the general crops, especially the field crops, the nitrogen is twice or more than that of the phosphorus, and the potassium is equivalent to or even more than the nitrogen; The ratio of nutrient absorption can be used to understand which potassium is preferred and which is higher. In soil testing and formula fertilization, after determining certain parameters, the amount of fertilizer can be calculated according to the balance of nutrient balance.
However, the farmers themselves cannot directly calculate the amount of fertilizer based on the nutrient uptake of 100 kilograms. Because the mineral nutrients of the crop are both from the soil and from the fertilizer, for example, the nutrient uptake of potassium is equivalent to that of nitrogen, or even more.
However, the amount of fertilization varies greatly depending on the level of soil potassium: there is less potassium in the north or even no application in the short term, and there are more potassium in the south than in the nitrogen application. In addition, the utilization rate of fertilizers for different crops and the supply rate of nutrients to different soils are also different, especially nitrogen fertilizers, with large morphological variations and many loss paths, and it is not possible to directly calculate the amount of fertilizer according to the amount of absorption.
Ms. Wang from Linyi, Shandong asked: I am a fertilizer marketer. Before the autumn, I and the farmers must prepare fertilizer. Is there a simple way to help understand how much fertilizer is needed for various crops?
A: Individual farmers can apply fertilizer according to previous years.
Estimated fertilizer demand this year, more precise fertilization needs to rely on soil testing and fertilization techniques. The amount of fertilizer applied below is based on the fertilization technology model (ie, the fertilization specification proposed by a large number of scientific research and production practices) for reference.
Field crops. The total amount of fertilization per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 ~ 15 kg, generally not more than 17 kg. For legume crops, the amount of nitrogen applied can be reduced by 1/3 to 1/2. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) does not exceed half of the amount of nitrogen applied, 3 to 5 kg in the southern region and 4 to 6 kg in the north, generally not more than 8 kg. Among them, winter wheat, rapeseed and other winter crops are more, summer maize and other summer crops are less, and even can be applied in a short period of time; potassium fertilizer (K2O) application rate is between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, 5-10 kg in the south, 3~10 in Huanghuaihai area 6 kg, 2 to 4 kg in the northeast and 0 to 3 kg in the northwest. For field crops, it is recommended to apply about 1000 to 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per acre. Fertilization period: all farmyard manure, all or most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and about half of the nitrogen fertilizer are used as the base fertilizer, and the remaining chemical fertilizers are used as top dressing or seed fertilizer; the topdressing is 1~3 times, mainly in the rapid growth period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In the seedling stage and in the late stage (such as after heading), apply as appropriate.
vegetables. Different vegetables, different planting conditions (open field or protected land, etc.) vary greatly. Among them, greenhouse cucumbers, tomatoes and other melons, solanaceous vegetables, 5,000 to 7,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20 to 50 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10 to 25 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 45 kg. The higher the yield, the greater the amount of fertilizer; the base fertilizer and top dressing are applied in divided portions, generally 4 to 10 times of topdressing, and the application amount of nitrogen and potassium nutrient per mu is not more than 5 kg. Open-top melons, solanaceous vegetables, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, the application amount of base fertilizer is roughly equivalent to that of greenhouses, but the topdressing is 2 to 4 times, so the amount of fertilizer is significantly reduced. Chinese cabbage, radish, green onions and other exposed vegetables are 2,000-4,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-23 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-12 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-20 kg, of which fertilizer application rate High-yield field crops are quite high or higher. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in divided amounts according to base fertilizer and top dressing. Fast-growing short-term vegetables often do not use farmyard manure, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is also significantly reduced.
Fruit tree. Total fertilization: Most fruit trees in the fruit-bearing period are generally 3000-4000 kg of farmer's fertilizer per mu, and the total amount of fertilizers applied with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) is 15-25 kg and 10-15 respectively. Kilograms, 15 to 25 kilograms, applied in 3 to 4 times a year. For the 40-60 fruit trees per acre in the fruiting period, 40% or 45% of the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 1 kg per mu, and the base fertilizer and the bulking period are more in the autumn, and before or during the spring germination. Late-maturing varieties are less fertilized. For the type of compound fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be selected from three types with the same or similar nutrient content. In the spring, high nitrogen and phosphorus should be selected. For the long fruit period, the general type or high nitrogen type should be selected. In the later stage, the high nitrogen or potassium fertilizer should be selected. For dense planting orchards, the amount of fertilizer should be calculated according to the amount of fertilizer; if the single fertilizer is applied, it can be estimated by referring to the application amount of the above compound fertilizer.
The above-mentioned farmyard manure refers to the general ring fertilizer and the piled manure fertilizer. If the amount of manure applied to livestock and other manures should be reduced by 1/3~1/2.
Author: tural (Sinochem fertilizer Senior Advisor, China Agricultural University)
Mr. Lu from Luzhou, Hebei Province: What is the significance of the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake per crop of 100 kg of grain? Can it be used to calculate the amount of fertilizer applied?
A: The absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for producing 100 kilograms of grain is of great significance for guiding scientific fertilization. It can be seen that the nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) nutrients absorbed by the general crops, especially the field crops, the nitrogen is twice or more than that of the phosphorus, and the potassium is equivalent to or even more than the nitrogen; The ratio of nutrient absorption can be used to understand which potassium is preferred and which is higher. In soil testing and formula fertilization, after determining certain parameters, the amount of fertilizer can be calculated according to the balance of nutrient balance.
However, the farmers themselves cannot directly calculate the amount of fertilizer based on the nutrient uptake of 100 kilograms. Because the mineral nutrients of the crop are both from the soil and from the fertilizer, for example, the nutrient uptake of potassium is equivalent to that of nitrogen, or even more.
However, the amount of fertilization varies greatly depending on the level of soil potassium: there is less potassium in the north or even no application in the short term, and there are more potassium in the south than in the nitrogen application. In addition, the utilization rate of fertilizers for different crops and the supply rate of nutrients to different soils are also different, especially nitrogen fertilizers, with large morphological variations and many loss paths, and it is not possible to directly calculate the amount of fertilizer according to the amount of absorption.
Ms. Wang from Linyi, Shandong asked: I am a fertilizer marketer. Before the autumn, I and the farmers must prepare fertilizer. Is there a simple way to help understand how much fertilizer is needed for various crops?
A: Individual farmers can apply fertilizer according to previous years.
Estimated fertilizer demand this year, more precise fertilization needs to rely on soil testing and fertilization techniques. The amount of fertilizer applied below is based on the fertilization technology model (ie, the fertilization specification proposed by a large number of scientific research and production practices) for reference.
Field crops. The total amount of fertilization per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 ~ 15 kg, generally not more than 17 kg. For legume crops, the amount of nitrogen applied can be reduced by 1/3 to 1/2. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) does not exceed half of the amount of nitrogen applied, 3 to 5 kg in the southern region and 4 to 6 kg in the north, generally not more than 8 kg. Among them, winter wheat, rapeseed and other winter crops are more, summer maize and other summer crops are less, and even can be applied in a short period of time; potassium fertilizer (K2O) application rate is between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, 5-10 kg in the south, 3~10 in Huanghuaihai area 6 kg, 2 to 4 kg in the northeast and 0 to 3 kg in the northwest. For field crops, it is recommended to apply about 1000 to 3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per acre. Fertilization period: all farmyard manure, all or most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and about half of the nitrogen fertilizer are used as the base fertilizer, and the remaining chemical fertilizers are used as top dressing or seed fertilizer; the topdressing is 1~3 times, mainly in the rapid growth period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In the seedling stage and in the late stage (such as after heading), apply as appropriate.
vegetables. Different vegetables, different planting conditions (open field or protected land, etc.) vary greatly. Among them, greenhouse cucumbers, tomatoes and other melons, solanaceous vegetables, 5,000 to 7,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20 to 50 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10 to 25 kg, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15 to 45 kg. The higher the yield, the greater the amount of fertilizer; the base fertilizer and top dressing are applied in divided portions, generally 4 to 10 times of topdressing, and the application amount of nitrogen and potassium nutrient per mu is not more than 5 kg. Open-top melons, solanaceous vegetables, 2000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, the application amount of base fertilizer is roughly equivalent to that of greenhouses, but the topdressing is 2 to 4 times, so the amount of fertilizer is significantly reduced. Chinese cabbage, radish, green onions and other exposed vegetables are 2,000-4,000 kg of farmyard manure, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12-23 kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-12 kg, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-20 kg, of which fertilizer application rate High-yield field crops are quite high or higher. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in divided amounts according to base fertilizer and top dressing. Fast-growing short-term vegetables often do not use farmyard manure, and the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is also significantly reduced.
Fruit tree. Total fertilization: Most fruit trees in the fruit-bearing period are generally 3000-4000 kg of farmer's fertilizer per mu, and the total amount of fertilizers applied with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) is 15-25 kg and 10-15 respectively. Kilograms, 15 to 25 kilograms, applied in 3 to 4 times a year. For the 40-60 fruit trees per acre in the fruiting period, 40% or 45% of the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 1 kg per mu, and the base fertilizer and the bulking period are more in the autumn, and before or during the spring germination. Late-maturing varieties are less fertilized. For the type of compound fertilizer, the base fertilizer should be selected from three types with the same or similar nutrient content. In the spring, high nitrogen and phosphorus should be selected. For the long fruit period, the general type or high nitrogen type should be selected. In the later stage, the high nitrogen or potassium fertilizer should be selected. For dense planting orchards, the amount of fertilizer should be calculated according to the amount of fertilizer; if the single fertilizer is applied, it can be estimated by referring to the application amount of the above compound fertilizer.
The above-mentioned farmyard manure refers to the general ring fertilizer and the piled manure fertilizer. If the amount of manure applied to livestock and other manures should be reduced by 1/3~1/2.
Author: tural (Sinochem fertilizer Senior Advisor, China Agricultural University)
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