Wheat high-tech leisure style "eight reforms
With the acceleration of urban-rural integration and land transfer speed, the rural labor force has gone out to work a lot, and the peasants who are maternized and aging at home are unable to plant the land according to the traditional intensive cultivation. In order to achieve high agricultural yield and simplification of procedures, and easy farming, the Henan Hi-Tech Alliance has organized several wheat experts since 2009. Based on the experience of continuous high-yield wheat production in Henan Province, the Henan Province has assembled a set of “innovative scientific and technological achievements at home and abroadâ€. High-tech leisure-style eight-change wheat high-yield new technology system." The specific contents are as follows: Change the variety. Taking agriculture as the first priority, the selection of wheat varieties with super high-yield genes, good stress resistance, strong tillering power and high ear-forming rate is the premise and basis for the success of high-yield production. After the large-scale high-yield practice in Huanghuaihaimai area in recent years, “Da Sui Teng Maiâ€, “Zheng Nong 16â€, “Ji Mai 22â€, “Zheng Mai 366†and “Yu Zhan No. 4†are both high quality and super high yield.
Change the soil. High-yielding wheat requires soil conditions such as loose soil, good air circulation, good water, suitable temperature and adequate nutrients. However, our soil is currently severely corroded and must be completely improved. This year's high-yield wheat field will increase the application of farmyard manure by investing 5 kilograms of “golden good-field biological fungi†per acre to break down soil compaction, activate soil, kill germs, reduce pests, loosen soil, and improve fertilizer utilization. And the ability of soil to retain water, create a good soil environment for wheat super high yield. “Golden Liangtian Biological Fertilizer†can be mixed before the plowing and the fertilizer is evenly mixed. Note that it should be turned into the soil within 3 hours after mixing.
Change the fertilizer. Scientific fertilization is a guarantee of high yield. The practice of wheat production tells us that only 600 kg of per mu can be applied to ammonium bicarbonate; 800 kg of per mu should be applied with urea to ensure that the yield per mu is ternary compound fertilizer; Wheat single application of compound fertilizer will not work, it is necessary to apply NPK and other nutrients in the middle and trace elements. Therefore, the high-yield wheat field should be converted to compound fertilizer for 80 kg of whole-nutrient wheat special fertilizer per acre (last year was 50 kg per mu). That is to say, the five fertilizers cover the bottom once and do not apply fertilizer to ensure that the wheat is not lacking in fat.
Change the disease prevention and control of insects. In recent years, with the increase of wheat planting density, the increase of fertilization and watering, the microclimate in the field and the changes of the atmosphere, the occurrence and damage of wheat pests and diseases have a serious momentum. In the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests, it is necessary to completely change the traditional methods of prevention and control. It is necessary to treat insects without seeing insects, to treat diseases without disease, to treat multiple diseases with multiple diseases, to invest less, and to have good control effects. This year's high-yield wheat production field will adopt the seed dressing method, that is, after mixing 50 kg of seeds with 380 g of “green prevention and control · Sui Anâ€, dry and dry (no pile boring, exposure) and then sow.
Change the weeding. At present, most of the weeding in the wheat field is carried out in the post-emergence, not only because of the influence of temperature, but also the herbicide is not complete and often brings the phytotoxicity of dead roots and roots to the crops. This year's high-yield wheat production field was changed to pre-emergence weeding. That is, after the wheat is planted, a new high-efficiency pre-emergence herbicide per acre ensures that there is no grass in the first season of wheat.
Change the seeding. First of all, fine land preparation, enough to plant. After the autumn harvest, the land should be ploughed in time, and the rafts should be timely and tidy. The turf should be watered and ploughed. The “golden fertile soil bio-fertilizer†and the “full-nutrition wheat special fertilizer†should be mixed and evenly spread on the ground.
Second, sowing at the right time. Wheat is weak in late sowing, early in the morning, and sows in time. High-yield wheat production time must be strictly controlled. When the temperature reaches 16 degrees and the ground temperature at 5 cm below the ground starts at 12 degrees, it will also vary depending on the species. “Da Sui Mai†and “Jimou 22†must be broadcasted from October 5th to 15th. “Zhengmai 366†will be planted before October 15th to 25th.
Secondly, the precision is planted and properly planted. Three high-yielding wheat varieties: large ears, large ears, and full seeds. It is a prerequisite to ensure that the three parties coordinate and develop rational close planting, and management is the key. To this end, the amount of sowing per acre should be around 10-15 kg, and if it is planted by mistake, the amount of sowing can be appropriately increased.
Finally, strictly control the depth of sowing. The high-yield wheat field should not be more than one inch deep. At the same time, according to the size of the plot, the north-south row planting was changed to east-west row planting to increase the utilization rate of red light and increase the 1000-grain weight. Change the watering. The traditional watering habit is to pour water, seal ice water, return water, water, and wheat yellow water. In recent years, the practice of promoting high-tech leisure mode high-yield has proved that wheat fields created by super high-yield can ensure high-yield and high-quality wheat by carefully pouring the bottom water and booting water. However, it is necessary to change the way of pouring water in the past, and when it is watered, 10 kg of calcium hydroxide is applied per acre to increase the ability of wheat to resist the weight increase. Change the spray surface fertilizer. Foliar top dressing is a modern fertilization method with less dosage, quick absorption and good effect. The high-yield wheat field should be sprayed with high-efficiency foliar fertilizer before wheat wintering (from the end of November to the beginning of December), before the jointing (mid-February) and during the filling period (mid-May) to ensure that the wheat seedlings are overwintering and ear The multi-ears are large, the stalks are low in stalks, the seeds are multi-grain, and the high yields are not inverted, and the task of high-yield creation is successfully completed.
(Zheng Huaiyu)
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