Vegetables are more season-changing
   Remnant weeds should be clean  Many vegetable farmers have to save trouble when they turn over the ground, and turn the residual plants and weeds in the shed into the ground. This is potentially harmful. First of all, these residual strains and weeds carry many germs and eggs, turning them into the ground, which will aggravate some soil-borne diseases (Pythium lucidum root rot, tomato wilt, etc.) And the occurrence of whitefly mites; secondly, the vegetable residues remain in the soil, and some self-toxic substances will be produced after rot. If the squat is still planted with the same kind of vegetables, it will affect its normal growth. It is recommended to remove the roots of the plants from the soil as much as possible during the gardening. When cleaning up the residual plants, the rotten fruits and leaves in the planting rows, as well as the weeds inside and outside the shed, should be removed. The residual plants that have been cleared out of the shed should not be stacked near the shed, but should be transported to a special place for storage or burial to prevent the pathogens on the residual plants from entering the shed with wind, rain, insects or people.
     Manure should be fully decomposed  When applying manure, the vegetable farmers have the following problems: First, the fresh manure decomposing time is too short, the toxic substances such as ammonia produced in the manure cannot be converted in time, and the vegetables are planted to cause harm; secondly, the manure is applied after the soil treatment, and the soil is lacking. Biological bacteria, harmful bacteria carried in manure, etc. may multiply in large quantities, and the maturity is not thorough, and the problem of burning seedlings is prone to occur. It is recommended that the manure application be determined according to the specific conditions of the shed. If the planting time of the sorghum vegetables is approaching, the fermenting agent can be added after the manure is applied to increase the fermenting bacteria in the soil and accelerate the manure decomposing; Still far, it can be combined with high-temperature shacks, and the manure will be applied to the soil in advance to kill the pathogens and eggs carried in the manure to ensure that the manure is fully decomposed.
     To completely loosen the soil  When the vegetable growers turn over the ground, there is a common disadvantage of insufficient tillage depth and small tillage range. First of all, the current use of rotary tillers is widely used by vegetable growers. After turning over the ground, the soil layer is deep and loose, but the actual depth of rotary tillage is less than 20 cm. The use of such rotary tillers to turn the ground will cause the bottom of the plow to move up. The soil water permeability is reduced, the root growth range is limited, which is not conducive to vegetable growth. Secondly, many vegetable farmers only plow the cultivation for the sake of trouble, and the ridges are not ploughed. Because of the long-term trampling of these ridges, the soil is solid and limited. The growth of the root system is not conducive to the cultivation of strong trees. It is recommended to use the plough or shovel to manually deepen the soil. In recent years, many vegetable farmers have used special small excavators to turn the ground, and the depth of ploughing can reach 50 cm, which effectively solves the problem of shallow tillage. It is necessary to turn the soil once every 2-3 years. When turning over the ground, the ridges should be ploughed together to completely loosen the soil and facilitate the stretching of the vegetable roots.
     Pest control should be in place  Changing the flood season is a good time for pest control, but most vegetable farmers often overlook this when they turn over the ground. Now many vegetable farmers share a rotary tiller, or hire someone to turn the ground. If the rotary tiller is not disinfected before use, it will spread the germs and pests of a greenhouse to other greenhouses, especially root-knot nematodes. The soil on the soles is very harmful. It is recommended that the vegetable farmers do the disinfection work when sharing the rotary tiller and clean the soil on the machine. For areas with serious damage to the root-knot nematode in the shed, the grounding should be marked, and the shovel alone should be used for deep turning or finally turning over to avoid the spread of the root-knot nematode.
     After many farmers have turned the ground, the vents at the front and top of the shed are opened, so that there is no vegetable in the shed, and the pests will not enter. But this season is when the pests are active, they are likely to enter the shed to lay eggs, which in turn harms the vegetables.
     It is recommended to set up an insect net in time after turning over the ground to prevent external pests from entering the shed, especially the vents at the front of the shed. The weeds around the shed should be removed in time to prevent them from becoming a transit point in the shed. (Gansu Science and Technology Newspaper Fan Xiuli)
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