Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Consumption Tax
Recently, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the “12th Five-Year National Environmental Protection Regulations and Plans for the Construction of Environmental and Economic Policiesâ€, which clearly stated that it will cooperate with the taxation and taxation authorities to incorporate products that seriously pollute the environment and consume large amounts of resources into the scope of excise tax, and revise the excise tax items. Tax rate table.
The plan also mentioned that in the future, environmental and economic policies will gradually improve the environmental protection fee system, and will gradually increase the standard for charging heavy metal pollution and organic pollutants.
At the same time, in the aspect of price policy, the plan proposes to promote the formulation of differentiated tariff policies for industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and encourage enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment, de-NOx removal from non-power industries, and waste treatment facilities. Policy preferences, and research and development of coal-fired power plant flue gas denitrification and de- mercury pricing policies, and policy support for renewable energy generation, waste heat power generation and waste incineration power generation preferential access to the Internet and other policies.
It can be seen from the plan that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will continue to push forward efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction. The levying of consumption tax on high-pollution products is indeed a measure to force enterprises to achieve transformation and upgrading of energy-saving and emission reduction, especially for many high-energy, high-pollution hardware and electromechanical industries, or even more significant.
The author believes that levying consumption taxes on high-pollution products will undoubtedly increase the cost pressures of hardware and electromechanical companies. Enterprises must ensure product profits and increase product market prices. They will pass on the tax pressure to consumers, thus affecting the sales of products. If enterprises want to seize the market with price advantage, their profit margins will also be compressed accordingly.
Recently, both the subjective policy and the objective market environment have exerted great pressure on the hardware and electronic machinery industries. In recent months, the coal shortage, electricity shortage, and diesel shortage have constantly stimulated the nerves of the electromechanical companies. Forcing companies to have to consider how to save energy and reduce emissions, which has been related to the fundamental business enterprises to survive.
In this regard, the author believes that the following two points need the attention of hardware and electromechanical companies.
First, in the task of energy saving and emission reduction, the pressure of hardware and electromechanical companies is certainly great, but enterprises should not subjectively regard it as a painful burden and task. Energy conservation and emission reduction will certainly eliminate many enterprises with backward production capacity. However, for many companies, it is also an opportunity to transform progress.
Fundamentally speaking, energy conservation and emission reduction is an inevitable trend. Only when companies adapt to the trend can they adapt to the new development of the times. The more companies want to get rid of the pain of transformation, the more they must think of ways to speed up the process of transformation.
Second, to promote structural optimization and technological advancement, this is an important means of doing a good job of energy-saving emission reduction. On the one hand, enterprises can rapidly complete energy-saving and emission-reduction layout through the introduction of advanced technologies, mechanical equipment and devices. On the other hand, enterprises must also improve their independent innovation capabilities, cultivate innovative talents, and steadily develop their core technologies to create future market competitive advantages and economic growth points.
The plan also mentioned that in the future, environmental and economic policies will gradually improve the environmental protection fee system, and will gradually increase the standard for charging heavy metal pollution and organic pollutants.
At the same time, in the aspect of price policy, the plan proposes to promote the formulation of differentiated tariff policies for industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and encourage enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment, de-NOx removal from non-power industries, and waste treatment facilities. Policy preferences, and research and development of coal-fired power plant flue gas denitrification and de- mercury pricing policies, and policy support for renewable energy generation, waste heat power generation and waste incineration power generation preferential access to the Internet and other policies.
It can be seen from the plan that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will continue to push forward efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction. The levying of consumption tax on high-pollution products is indeed a measure to force enterprises to achieve transformation and upgrading of energy-saving and emission reduction, especially for many high-energy, high-pollution hardware and electromechanical industries, or even more significant.
The author believes that levying consumption taxes on high-pollution products will undoubtedly increase the cost pressures of hardware and electromechanical companies. Enterprises must ensure product profits and increase product market prices. They will pass on the tax pressure to consumers, thus affecting the sales of products. If enterprises want to seize the market with price advantage, their profit margins will also be compressed accordingly.
Recently, both the subjective policy and the objective market environment have exerted great pressure on the hardware and electronic machinery industries. In recent months, the coal shortage, electricity shortage, and diesel shortage have constantly stimulated the nerves of the electromechanical companies. Forcing companies to have to consider how to save energy and reduce emissions, which has been related to the fundamental business enterprises to survive.
In this regard, the author believes that the following two points need the attention of hardware and electromechanical companies.
First, in the task of energy saving and emission reduction, the pressure of hardware and electromechanical companies is certainly great, but enterprises should not subjectively regard it as a painful burden and task. Energy conservation and emission reduction will certainly eliminate many enterprises with backward production capacity. However, for many companies, it is also an opportunity to transform progress.
Fundamentally speaking, energy conservation and emission reduction is an inevitable trend. Only when companies adapt to the trend can they adapt to the new development of the times. The more companies want to get rid of the pain of transformation, the more they must think of ways to speed up the process of transformation.
Second, to promote structural optimization and technological advancement, this is an important means of doing a good job of energy-saving emission reduction. On the one hand, enterprises can rapidly complete energy-saving and emission-reduction layout through the introduction of advanced technologies, mechanical equipment and devices. On the other hand, enterprises must also improve their independent innovation capabilities, cultivate innovative talents, and steadily develop their core technologies to create future market competitive advantages and economic growth points.
Motorcycle power devices are used in the internal combustion engine; people use diesel-fuel engine is known as the diesel engine, and the use of gasoline-fuel engine is known as gasoline engine. Because of the advantages of light weight, small volume, low noise, low vibration, easy starting and low cost, gasoline engine is widely used as its power device.
Two-stroke and four-stroke engine two-stroke engine for two-stroke engines and four-stroke engine: That is, the piston up and down reciprocating movement of two strokes to complete a work cycle of the engine. Four-stroke engine: where the engine crankshaft every rotation, that is, the piston up and down four-stroke reciprocating movement to complete a work cycle of the engine. Working cycle is the engine by the intake, compression, combustion expansion (work) , exhaust stroke composed of the work process. The process by which an engine completes one intake, compresses, works, and exhausts is called a work cycle, also known as a cycle.
Second, Cheng Chong and four-stroke engine work Principle A, two-stroke engine work principle the piston from the bottom stop to the top stop movement, it will complete the intake and compression process, the first stroke of reciprocating piston motion. The piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, it will complete the combustion expansion (work) and the exhaust working process, belongs to the piston reciprocating movement second stroke. When the piston moves from bottom to top and all vents and vents are closed, the exhaust and ventilation process is terminated and the fresh combustible mixture in the cylinder will begin to compress. At the same time, as the piston moves up, the capacity of the crankcase under the piston gradually increases, which causes the pressure in the crankcase to drop and forms a vacuum. When the vacuum of the crankcase reaches a certain degree, the reed valve automatically opens, the combustible mixture atomized by the carburetor is sucked into the crankcase. As the piston continues its upward motion, it will be near the TDC when an electric spark from the spark plug ignites the compressed combustible mixture. At this time the burning gas rapidly expand, so that the temperature and pressure of the combustion chamber rise sharply, forcing the piston down movement, piston that is through the connecting rod, crankshaft for useful work. When the piston moves from the top stop to the bottom stop, the pressure in the crankcase will increase with the decrease of the volume, and the reed valve will gradually close automatically. As the piston descends to the vent opening, exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere through the vent, the exhaust pipe, and the silencer. When the piston continues down to the vent opening, the precompressed fresh combustible mixture in the crankcase enters the cylinder through the vent and drives the exhaust gas in the cylinder to further discharge, this process is called scavenging. The engine then completes a working cycle. 4-stroke b, principle of four-stroke engine the first stroke -- intake stroke: When the piston is at a specified crank angle just before TDC, the intake valve opens and the combustible mixture is sucked into the cylinder. When the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve closes at a specified crankshaft angle at the top dead center, and the cylinder volume above the piston increases, make the cylinder to form a degree of vacuum mixture to continue through the intake valve intake intake. The intake valve closes when the piston reaches a specified crank angle after the BDC, at which point the intake process is completed. The second stroke-compression stroke: the piston from the bottom stop to the top stop movement, when the intake process is finished, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are closed, this time the cylinder's flammable mixture is compressed. On the compression stroke, when the piston moves up to a specified crank angle before the top dead center, a spark will be generated between the spark plug electrodes, which will be ignited by the compressed combustible mixture. The burning combustible mixture causes the temperature and pressure in the cylinder to rise rapidly, and the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center under the action of the high temperature and high pressure, and the connecting rod drives the crankshaft to rotate for useful work. The fourth stroke-exhaust stroke: in the combustion expansion stroke, when the piston to the lower stop before a specified crankshaft angle, exhaust valve open, exhaust gas through the exhaust valve began to discharge. The crankshaft continues to rotate and pushes the piston from the bottom to the top. Push the exhaust gas out of the cylinder. This exhaust process is terminated when the exhaust valve is closed at a specified crankshaft angle after the piston line has reached TDC.
car engine,motorcycle engine assembly, 450cc,250cc
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