The future car will be the world of aluminum alloy
ã€ALUMINIUM NETWORK】At present, the automotive industry is still in a period of rapid development, but it is faced with both environmental protection and energy conservation constraints. Therefore, in this age dominated by fossil fuels, the lightweighting of automobiles has become the development of the world's automobiles. The main goal. For the weight reduction of automobiles, the current situation can be divided into three main lines: lightweight body, lightweight engine, and lightweight chassis. The main purpose of these three main lines is to ensure lighter materials by ensuring performance. Reduce the weight of the vehicle so as to realize the function of energy saving and environmental protection.
Actually, the earlier cars appeared without bodies. For example, three-wheeled and four-wheeled motorcycles invented by Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler were all converted from carriages and were mostly wooden structures. Until the 20th century, after the appearance of the Ford-produced T-car, the car had a basic body shape. Later, with the development of materials, smelting, welding, molding and other technologies, the design and production process of the automobile became more mature. It has been found that the weight of the car is getting heavier and heavier because most of the material of the entire car body is made of high-strength steel.
In the 1980s, the various branches of automotive body technology developed in a more systematic and in-depth direction. At the same time as the appearance of ultra-high-strength steel, all-aluminum bodywork began to emerge. Of course, this has a lot to do with the global energy crisis of the 1970s. At that time, automobile manufacturers improved fuel economy by reducing the overall quality of automobiles, improving engine efficiency, and reducing running resistance.
The density of aluminum alloy is only 1/3 of steel, which effectively reduces the overall quality of the car. If the vehicle's overall vehicle's net quality is reduced by 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%. When the vehicle's vehicle mass is reduced by 100kg, the fuel consumption per 100km can be reduced by 0.3L to 0.6L.
Aluminum materials have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance, easy plasticity processing and forming, surface, good processing performance, abundant resources, moderate price, high recycling efficiency, etc., and they aim at lightweight, high speed, and energy saving in automobiles in the world. , safety, low pollution, multi-functional, low-cost, durable and comfortable ride development process, has been favored by the industry, its use more and more.
However, the performance requirements of all-aluminum bodies for aluminum alloy sheets are very strict and demanding, which is why they cannot be produced in large quantities. In addition to the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance that meet the standards and specifications, the aluminum alloy automobile body sheet should also have the following properties:
1, good formability:
Forming of bodywork and sheet metal parts is stamped and formed. Therefore, the aluminum alloy sheet should have good formability, ie, have a low yield ratio and a high forming limit (FLC, forming limit curve).
2. Strong surface smoothness:
The aluminum alloy plate must have good flanging ductility and consistent surface color after forming, that is, the Roping Line (ie, slip line) does not appear on the surface of the formed sheet metal part. Luoping line is due to uneven grain or uneven distribution of inclusions caused by uneven plate surface deformation, so that the surface will be inconsistent after the paint gloss.
3, good solderability:
The good weldability can meet the requirements of automotive components connected together after welding. The sheet should have anti-aging stability to ensure that no aging occurs from the time the sheet is shipped to press production, preventing the yield point of the material from increasing during stamping, and inducing uneven surface deformation caused by the Lude's zone. Wrinkles affect the surface quality of the car's exterior panels.
4, excellent baking hardening:
Lightweighting of automobiles also requires high bake hardenability of the board, that is, the yield strength of the board after the stamping deformation and painting baking is significantly increased, so as to ensure that the sheet metal parts after stamping and painting have high resistance to concave, and The paint baking process of the aluminum alloy sheet is required to be compatible with the current stamping parts of the steel sheet.
5. Good zirconium/titanium salt chemical conversion treatment performance:
ABS is surface-treated prior to lubricant application to form a zirconium/titanium salt conversion system conversion film, creating a good substrate for adsorbing lubricants. This treatment liquid is environmentally friendly, does not contain chromium, mainly consists of metal salts containing titanium, zirconium, fluoride, nitrate and organic additives, and forms a conversion film on ABS by dipping and spraying. The membrane layer mainly consists of a zirconium/titanium salt, an aluminum oxide, an aluminum fluoride, and a zirconium-titanium complex. This kind of surface treatment process is simple in operation, and the obtained film has a strong binding force with the organic polymer.
However, at this stage, the popularity of the all-aluminum body structure will take some time, because aluminum alloy construction costs will be high. The first reason is that aluminum itself is more expensive, and the price of some aluminum alloys even exceeds that of gold. Second, its production process is more complicated and has many technical difficulties. As a result, Asian carmakers are looking for ways to reduce the weight of their vehicles and dig deeper into steel potential. They are working with steel manufacturers to develop lighter, higher-strength steels, while also adopting other measures to improve fuel economy, including The traditional engine and components are upgraded without major changes to the factory.
Japanese car companies adopting aluminum materials are basically limited to hybrid and luxury segments such as Lexus IS. Honda has developed technologies that can combine aluminum and steel to produce parts and components for the American version of Accord and Acura RLX, but the application of aluminum materials is still very limited.
Nissan announced last year that it plans to expand the application of high-strength steels. This material is lighter than conventional steels, but its strength is higher. The company’s goal is to use high-intensity models in new production models starting in 2017. The proportion of steel parts increased to 20%.
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