Summary of application experience of organic trace elements in suckling pigs
Trace elements are essential for animals to maintain healthy and normal physiological functions. They are directly involved in almost all physiological and biochemical processes of the body and play an extremely important role in life activities. As a third-generation trace element additive, organic trace elements are mainly complexes or chelate formed by covalent or ionic bonding of metal elements with ligands such as proteins, small peptides, amino acids, organic acids and polysaccharide derivatives. Object. A large number of experiments have shown that organic trace elements have higher bioavailability than inorganic trace elements, which can improve animal performance and immune function. In view of this, this paper reviews the application of organic trace elements in piglet production, and provides a basis for the scientific and rational use of organic trace element additives in actual production.
1, the characteristics of organic trace elements
Due to the uneven quality of inorganic trace elements, heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and cadmium, and toxic and harmful substances such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls are serious, and they are easily deposited in meat and internal organs, causing food safety hazards. Moreover, it is easy to oxidize and discolor during the premix storage process, which is easy to cause damage and degradation of vitamins. The organic trace elements (taking ferrous glycinate as an example) firstly remove heavy metals during the raw material selection process, reducing the heavy metal content and The production of some impurities, thus reducing the heavy metal content of organic trace elements, making it more environmentally friendly during use. In addition, in the production process, the temperature, pH value and reaction time are strictly controlled, and the products produced through a series of reactions are further purified and purified in two steps to be truly finished products. This process greatly reduces the levels of heavy metals and harmful substances and provides a guarantee for use in livestock production.
2, the application of organic trace elements in piglet production
The common trace elements commonly used in piglets are copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se), which are distributed differently in pigs, although the pigs need less. But the role is very important, involved in the metabolism of proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and vitamins, but also for physiological functions such as reproduction, immunity, growth and development. The use of organic trace elements in piglet production is particularly significant.
2.1 Application of organic copper in piglet production
Copper has a greater impact on piglets. Feeding a certain amount of copper can increase the weight, average daily gain and daily feed intake of weaned piglets, as well as reduce the ratio of feed to weight and the rate of diarrhea in weaned piglets. Organic copper has good stability, can reduce the antagonism between copper and other mineral elements (such as iron and zinc), and reduce the damage to other nutrients (such as vitamins and fats); its solubility in the body pH environment is good. It is easy to be absorbed into the blood by the small intestinal mucosa, thereby increasing the absorption rate; at the same time, the organic copper promotes the growth effect and has high bioavailability. Zhu Yemeng et al. (2011) showed that the daily weight gain of weaned piglets supplemented with 50, 100 mg/kg chitosan copper group and 200 mg/kg copper sulfate group was significantly higher than that without the addition of exogenous copper control group. The high feed-to-weight ratio was significantly lower; the daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio of the 100 mg/kg chitosan copper group was not significantly different from that of the 200 mg/kg copper sulfate group. This indicates that low doses of chitosan copper (100 mg/kg in terms of production performance) can achieve high doses of copper sulfate.
2.2 Application of organic iron in piglet production
The iron content of the newborn piglets is only 30~50 mg/head, and the normal growth and development of each suckling pig requires about 7-8 mg of iron per day. The suckling pigs get less than 1 mg of iron from breast milk every day. Bao Hongyun et al reported that 90 mg/kg of ferrous glycinate was added to the piglet diet (containing 100 mg/kg of copper sulfate), the feed intake of piglets increased by 6.85%, and the daily gain increased by 28.13%. The meat ratio decreased by 16.67% and the diarrhea rate decreased by 61.84%.
2.3 Application of organic zinc in piglet production
Zinc is one of the essential trace elements in animals. It is widely involved in various biochemical metabolic reactions in animals and plays an important role in animal growth and development. Zinc is mainly absorbed, transported, stored and utilized in the body in an organically bound state. Inorganic zinc can only be used by the body if it is converted to an organic state. Therefore, the biological potency of inorganic zinc depends on its ability to be converted into bioactive organic zinc. Organic zinc is stable in the digestive tract, has a high absorption rate, has a good palatability, and has little environmental pollution. This indicates that the organic zinc has a higher biological activity than the inorganic zinc sulfate. There are many studies on the nutritional and physiological effects of zinc on pigs at home and abroad. The results showed that the addition of 80 mg/kg zinc glycinate to the diet of piglets significantly increased the average daily feed intake, daily gain, and feed-to-meat ratio of weaned piglets, and significantly improved the sensory index of fur.
2.4 Application of organic selenium in the production of weaned pigs
The basic form of organic selenium is selenomethionine, selenium cystine, etc., organic selenium can be synthesized artificially, and organic selenium such as bio-conversion and bio-enrichment can obviously enhance different ways of production. In piglet breeding, organic selenium can significantly enhance its immunity and improve its production performance, which is an ideal selenium supplement. Many studies have shown that the antioxidant capacity of organic selenium is better than inorganic selenium. It is necessary to use organic selenium instead of inorganic selenium as a selenium supplement for piglets.
2.5 Application of organic trace element chelate in piglet production
The combination of the trace element amino acid chelate metal ion and the amino acid forms a relatively stable chemical structure, so that the metal ion is not adversely affected by other components in the diet and gastric acid in the gastrointestinal tract, and the antagonism between the metal elements is reduced. It promotes the absorption of metal elements and improves bioavailability. Deng Zhigang and other research results show that adding appropriate amount of organic trace element amino acid chelate in the diet can improve the growth performance, skin color and fur condition of 10~25 kg piglets.
3, the conclusion
In summary, organic trace elements can significantly improve the growth performance of piglets and enhance the immune function and anti-stress ability of piglets. Trace element additives have broad application prospects from the development of inorganic salts to amino acid chelates. Strengthening the application and application will definitely play an important role in the aquaculture industry.
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