How to scientifically select biological pesticides for fruit tree pests and diseases
At present, the source of pollution in the production of pollution-free apples should be the first pesticide. Promoting the use of pesticides that are safe and reliable, do not pollute the environment, and do not cause pollution to humans and animals are important choices in the production process. Bio-pesticide has the advantages of broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, safety, no drug-resistance, no killing of natural enemies, etc. It can prevent pests that have been resistant to traditional products without cross-resistance: generally beneficial to people, animals and all kinds of benefits. The biological safety is relatively small, and the impact on non-target organisms is relatively small, so it is a breakthrough to realize the technological transformation of pollution-free agricultural production.
First, commonly used biological pesticides
1. 1.5% polymycin-resistant wettable powder. It is an antibiotic fungicide with good systemic absorption. Control apple mildew disease, ring disease, anthracnose, use 300-500 times liquid, spray 2 times before flowering to fruit bagging; control spotted leaf disease, start spraying 7-10 days after flowering, spring shoot period Spray 2 times, spray once in the autumn tip, if it can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture, the effect is better.
2, 4% agricultural anti-120 water agent. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has preventive and therapeutic effects on diseases. Prevention and treatment of apple tree rot disease, with 20 times liquid smear after scraping the diseased plaque, the therapeutic effect can reach more than 80%; prevention and control of powdery mildew, in the early stage of the disease, spray with an effective concentration of 100 mg / liter of liquid medicine, over 15 Spray again once every -20 days. If the condition is serious, the interval between spraying time can be shortened.
3. BT insecticide. Commonly used bacterial pesticides, mainly for stomach toxicity, the control effect on lepidopteran pests reaches 80-90%. When the rate of egg-fruit is 1%, the BT wettable powder is sprayed 500-1000 times; the lepidopteran pests such as the moth, the ruler and the caterpillar are controlled, and 1000 times of the liquid is sprayed in the young larva stage.
4, 1.8% Qiqisu emulsifiable concentrate. It is an antibiotic-like acaricidal insecticide. It has contact and stomach poisoning effects on pests and pests, and cannot kill eggs. Control the hawthorn spider mites and apple red spiders, spray 5000 times liquid in the concentrated period of 7-10 days after falling flowers, and the effective period is about 30 days. It also has good control effect on the two-spotted spider mites, scutellaria, and gold-streaked moths.
5, 25% chlorfenapyr suspension. It is a biochemical pesticide, which is mainly based on stomach toxicity and has a contact-killing effect. The effect period is 15-20 days. It has special effects on lepidopteran pests, killing eggs and larvae, and can also cause the adult to produce infertility. The production is mainly used to control the golden moths. The control period is the adult emergence period, and the concentration is 2000 times. The drug has good control effects especially for pests that have been resistant to insecticides such as organophosphorus and pyrethroids.
6, 20% chlorpyrifos suspension. It is an insect growth inhibitor. Compared with 25% chlorfenapyr, it has better effect on killing eggs and insects, and has a long-lasting effect. The use of the gold-grained moths is 8000 times liquid; the control of P. sinensis is carried out, and 6000-8000 times of liquid is sprayed in the early stage of adult spawning and larvae.
7. Acaricide urea suspending agent. It is an insect growth inhibitor and has obvious effects on the control of eggs and larvae of lepidopteran pests. The golden moth is used to prevent 2000 times of the larvae from occurring in the larval stage; the peach mites are controlled, and 1000-1500 times of liquid is sprayed before the adult spawning period and the larvae.
8, rotenone. It is a plant-derived insecticide with contact killing, stomach toxicity, growth and development inhibition and antifeedant action. At the beginning of the aphid, it was sprayed with 750 times of 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate. The safety interval after application is 3 days.
9, 25% insecticidal double water agent. It belongs to the nerve agent, has strong contact and stomach toxicity, and has a certain fumigating effect. Prevention and control of hawthorn spider mites, spraying 800 times liquid in the period of Rugao and Chengyu, can also treat apple whole claw cockroach, pear star caterpillar, leaf roller moth and so on. When sprayed with insecticidal double-agent, 0.1% detergent can be added to increase the spread of the liquid.
10, 50% force rich peasant (hundred insects single) wettable powder. The drug has broad spectrum of insecticidal activity, strong insecticidal ability, strong stomach poisoning, contact and systemic action, fumigation and ovicidal effect, and special effects on Phosphoptera larvae. Prevention and control of golden moths, in the hatching period of larvae or some larvae have been drilled into the leaves, sprayed with the power of 1000-1500 times of the rich peasant; prevention and control of Japanese ball sturdy, in the middle and late May of the egg hatching period (ie found 5 days after the pink egg granules under the clam shell, spray 1000-1500 times of liquid fertilizer, add 0.3% neutral detergent in the liquid to increase the spreading ability and improve the insecticidal effect.
Second, matters needing attention
1, use time. Biological pesticides are mostly delayed-type, so the application time should be several days earlier than the use of chemical pesticides. The specific advance time is based on the characteristics of each biological pesticide.
2, air humidity. Bio-pesticide with the increase of environmental humidity, the effect is also significantly improved, so it is necessary to spray bio-pesticide (powder) in the presence of dew to have the desired effect.
3. Light intensity. Ultraviolet light in sunlight has a lethal killing effect on active substances in biological pesticides. Therefore, biological pesticides should generally be sprayed before 10 am, after 4 pm, or on cloudy days.
4. Ambient temperature. When spraying bio-pesticide, it is necessary to master the temperature above 20 °C. According to the test, at the temperature of 25-30 °C, the bio-pesticide effect after spraying is 1-2 times higher than the insecticidal efficiency of 10-15 °C. In addition, please note that in addition to clearly indicating the types allowed, try not to mix with other chemicals; store in a cool, dark place, avoid high temperature or exposure, away from fire; use with the use, avoid prolonged placement.
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