Greenhouse cucumber full cultivation technology!
Cucumbers have always been the best-selling vegetable varieties on the market, and they are widely cultivated. The planting methods mainly include facilities and open fields. Because the cultivation period of greenhouse cultivation is controllable, the output is doubled, and the economic benefits are high, it has become the main cultivation mode of various places.
Cucumber growth habit
Cucumber is a crop that likes warmth, light, light, moisture, and unisexual results. It enjoys water, grows fast, and has many results. However, the roots are mainly distributed in shallow ploughed layers of 15-25 cm, and the leaf surface water transpiration is large, and the plants are large. The rod is thin, the ability to resist water and fertilizer is weak, and the absorption is poor.
Cucumber growth period
Germination period: from seed germination to the first true leaf, which lasts 5-10 days. At this stage, the growth amount is small, the speed is slow, and high temperature and humidity and sufficient illumination are required.
Seedling stage: From the appearance of cotyledons to colonization, the plants have 4-5 leaves, which last 30-45 days. At this stage, flower bud differentiation begins, but the growth center is still a vegetative organ such as roots, stems, and leaves.
Pumping period: from seedling colonization to the first melon to sit. At the end of this period, the stem height is about 30-40 cm, and the true leaves are unfolded 7-8 pieces for 10-20 days. Based on vegetative growth, it gradually transforms into reproductive growth.
The result period: from the root melon to the end of the Lahu. The result of the cucumber in the open field is about 40 days, and the fruiting period of the cucumber in the greenhouse is about 120-150 days longer. At this stage, the plant growth rate is slowed down, centering on fruit and flower bud development.
Cucumber requirements for cultivation environment
Temperature: Cucumbers are warm and not cold. The suitable temperature during the growth period is 10-32 °C. Generally, it is best to grow at 25-32 °C during the day and 15-18 °C at night. The optimum temperature is 20-25 °C, and the lowest is about 15 °C. The most suitable temperature difference between day and night is 10-15 °C. Cucumber has a poor photosynthesis at 35 °C, a high temperature barrier at 45 °C, and freezes at a low temperature of -0 °C. If the low temperature refinery can withstand a low temperature of 3 °C.
Illumination: South China-type varieties are more sensitive to short-day sunshine, while North China-type varieties have strict requirements on the length of sunshine. They have become sunshine neutral plants with a light saturation point of 55,000 lux and a light compensation point of 1500 lux. Most varieties are at 8 Under -11 hours of short daylight conditions, it grew well.
Moisture: The yield of cucumber is high, the water demand is large, and the suitable soil moisture is 60-90%. The moisture in the seedling stage should not be too much, and the soil moisture is 60-70%. In the result period, sufficient water must be supplied, and the soil moisture is 80-90%. The suitable relative humidity of cucumber is 60-90%. If the relative humidity of the air is too large, it is easy to cause disease, resulting in reduced production.
Soil: Cucumbers are wet and not resistant to cockroaches, like fertilizers and not to fertilizers. It is advisable to choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally prefer the soil between pH 5.5-7.2, but the best value is 6.5.
Main points of cucumber cultivation techniques in greenhouse
Preparation before sowing
Selection of good varieties: According to the local environmental conditions, the varieties with high temperature resistance, high temperature resistance, strong disease resistance, strong growth potential and high yield are selected.
Preparation of seedbed: The seedbed nutrient soil is selected from 6 rural soils that have not been planted with melon crops, 3 parts fully fermented and screened organic fertilizer, and 1 part of biological bacterial fertilizer is mixed and sieved. The nutrient soil after sieving can be equipped with some medicines to prevent seedling disease, blight and so on.
Soaking seeds and germination: 1-3 days before sowing, the seeds are gilded for 5-10 minutes with warm water of 55-60 ° C, and continuously stirred until the water temperature drops to 30-35 ° C. The seeds are repeatedly washed and used. Wash the mucus with water and soak for 3-4 hours. It can also be soaked with 1000 times of carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, etc. for 1 hour, rinsed with water and then soaked in water for 4 hours, then removed and washed for 1 time, dried in water, wrapped in a damp cloth, placed in 28- It is germinated for 1-2 days under conditions of 32 ° C, and can be sown when the seeds are 70% white.
Seedling management: timely release of seedlings after cotyledon flattening. Seedling stage seedlings 2-3 times, seedling stage to change temperature management, that is, different growth stages, day and night, sunny and cloudy days to give different temperature management. At the seedling stage, the leaf surface is sprayed twice, and the water should be properly controlled, and the light should be enhanced as much as possible to timely weed and control pests and diseases. Control the water to cool down before planting, and strengthen ventilation. The seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, and the seedlings are ready for colonization when they are 55-60 days old.
Site preparation
The roots of cucumber seedlings have large water content, which is brittle and easy to fold. They are not afraid of flooding or drought tolerance. Therefore, when the soil is prepared, the ground should be leveled and slightly inclined to one side to facilitate irrigation and drainage. The soil is not large and rich in organic matter. .
Remove greenhouse wreckage and plough up in advance. Before planting the land, and applying the base fertilizer, due to the long period of cultivation of cucumber in the greenhouse, it is mainly based on long-acting organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other medium and micro-fertilizers.
Cucumbers are similar to nitrate nitrogen. When only ammonium nitrogen is supplied, the leaves will become smaller, the growth will be slower, and the absorption of calcium and magnesium will decrease. The physiological barrier of calcium deficiency will often occur, which will reduce the yield.
The soil itself contains low levels of magnesium. Excessive amounts of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers also hinder the absorption of magnesium, especially in greenhouses. The large amount of harvest and the lack of sufficient amount of magnesium fertilizer can cause magnesium deficiency in cucumbers. Apply enough magnesium-containing fertilizer before.
For plots with poor soil fertility, the sea snail bio-stimulant can be applied with the base fertilizer to improve the soil environment and balance nutrition.
After the whole land is well, the ridges are ditched along the north-south line, and the mulch is covered with large and small sorghum mulch film, and water is immersed under the film by submerged or sub-membrane drip irrigation. The line spacing is 80 cm, the small line spacing is 40 cm, and the ridge height is 20-25 cm. After ridges, seal the seal one week before planting to increase the ground temperature.
Proper planting
The temperature of 10cm soil layer is stable above 12°C, and can be colonized when the nighttime temperature is not lower than 5°C. It is necessary to strictly grasp the planting period according to the specific cultivation conditions, and not blindly advance.
Pay attention to the weather conditions before planting, and choose a sunny day for five days. On the day before planting, the ground spray of azoxystrobin + fine nail cream · manganese zinc can effectively prevent the occurrence of downy mildew.
When planting, the Bacillus subtilis is planted in the colonization hole, and the amount of the acre is 23 kg, which has the effect of inhibiting bacteria and preventing disease. Note that the colonization should not be too deep, and the planting water after planting must be evenly poured to ensure that each seedling should be thoroughly poured.
Post-plant management
Slow seedling period: Strengthen the heat preservation within 1 week after planting, close the doors and windows, hang the curtain, no more than 33 °C. In case of cold current, it is necessary to strengthen the insulation. Colonization is carried out once every 10 to 15 days, and azoxystrobin + Chunlei·Wang copper can be used.
It is found that when the heart leaves are long, it means that the seedlings have been slowed down, the water requirement is increased, and the seedling water is required to be poured in time. The sea snail bio-stimulating agent 200-300 times liquid can be applied, which is beneficial to the rapid rooting of the crops and rapid seedling raising.
The initial flowering period: from the slow seedling period to the time when the root melon is sitting, it is mainly to promote the root control seedlings, and lay a good foundation for the result period. After the seedlings are slowly planted, the vines are inserted in time, and the sorghum is bent and tied so that the tops of the large and small scorpions are all on the same horizontal line, which is convenient for management. Properly control the water seedlings to facilitate rooting.
The plant grows too slowly, the leaves are dark green and dull, and the faucet is tightly packed to indicate water shortage; if the petiole and internode are too long, the leaves are light green, the leaves are lifted, and the leaves near the growth point are sparse, indicating excessive water.
Large temperature difference management is carried out. When the room temperature exceeds 35 °C during the day, the air is cooled down. When the temperature is 20-25 °C in the afternoon, the temperature should be kept at 10-13 °C. The method of releasing the air is to open the door and window first, and as the external temperature rises, the film pressed against the apron on the apron can be rolled up, and the wind is quilted.
Before pumping the vines to the flowers, apply a large amount of elemental fertilizer 3 kg per kilogram + 2 kg of sea elf bio-stimulant to promote the flowering result.
Result period: sufficient water and fertilizer should be supplied to promote the knot and prevent premature aging. Increase ventilation and cool down, quilt or uncover the film at the bottom of the greenhouse to avoid condensation at night, the vent area should reach 25% of the total coverage area, and the nighttime humidity should be controlled below 65%.
When the melons sit and grow to 10-15 cm, they should be fat when they are watered, and gradually begin to enter the normal watering and fertilizer stage, and supplement the foliar fertilizer at the right time.
Mainly based on high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizers, the sea snail bio-stimulant containing ore source humic acid is appropriately added to improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve nutrient levels. When it is found that the melon is serious, the melon leaves are hypertrophy, and the deformed melon is more, the 0.2kg of the phosphorus potassium source pool is used to stir and dissolve 100kg of water, and the leaf surface is sprayed, once every 3-5 days, which can be effectively alleviated. If other trace elements are missing, pay attention to supplement.
The roots of cucumber are shallow, and the principle of “small food and more meals†is the management rule of fertilizer and water. When the plant reaches 25-30 leaves, it is topped, promotes the return of the melon, and timely removes the old leaves, diseased leaves and curly leaves.
Harvesting period: In this period, the fertilizer should master the principle of light pouring and deep pouring, and the amount of fertilizer should be light and heavy.
Depending on the growth and harvesting of the plant, each acre is applied with a large amount of elemental balanced fertilizer 2 kg + high potassium fertilizer 3 kg + sea elf bio-stimulant 5 kg, it is recommended to apply fertilizer for 10 days. According to the actual situation, 1% magnesium sulfate or 0.5% EDTA chelated magnesium can be applied to the foliage.
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