Cotton knowledge: prevention and treatment of potassium deficiency during cotton development
Recently, agricultural technicians went to Shaying Village, Danggang Town, Xiaonan District, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, Shengzhai Village, Hujindian Town, Yunmeng County, and cotton fields of some cotton-growing farmers in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City to investigate cotton production. To some early-developed cotton seedlings, there have been symptoms of lack of potassium fertilizer, especially cotton fields with low soil organic matter content and high sandy sediment content, and some newly stretched cotton seedlings have been shown to be markedly deficient in potassium. When asked what brand of potash they had applied, they replied that it was not clear.
In the era of large-scale cultivation of conventional cotton, farmers do not care about the application of potassium fertilizer to plant cotton, and can enter the transgenic cotton, especially after the large-scale promotion of transgenic hybrid cotton, the contradiction of potassium deficiency in cotton is increasingly prominent. In order to raise farmers' awareness of the application of potash, the following issues should be noted.
The symptoms and harm of potassium deficiency are that the new leaf veins remain green, the yellow flesh spots appear in the mesophyll, and there are reddish brown and reddish brown spots around the leaf margin. The spots gradually enlarge and sometimes perforate, the leaf edges turn over, and the leaves dry and fall off. The proportion of red stems is larger, the stems are thinner, the amount of roots is less, the cotton bolls are insufficiently enlarged, the boll weight is reduced, and the bolls are not smooth. Second, the transgenic hybrid insect-resistant cotton has a large demand for potassium fertilizer, and the transformation is slower, and it is more likely to present symptoms of potassium deficiency. Third, potassium deficiency is easy to cause stem blight, blight and red leaf stem blight. Although it is a physiological disease, it can have a great impact on yield. Potassium fertilizer is insufficient, and cotton is often used to reduce yield by 20% to 30%, and the quality is degraded. .
The potassium content of various fertilizers is in organic fertilizer. The content of potassium oxide in human excrement is 0.2%-0.3%, the content of potassium oxide in pig manure is 0.44%, and the content of potassium oxide in cow manure is 0.15%. The potassium content is 0.9%, the potassium content of duck manure is 0.6%, and the potassium oxide content in crops and straws is generally about 1%, the highest corn stalk is 2.28%, and the lowest barley hull is 0.28%. The garbage is 2.29%. In chemical fertilizers, the content of potassium oxide in high-content compound fertilizer is generally 15% to 16%, which is equivalent to potassium chloride or potassium sulfate of 12.5 to 13.45 kg. For transgenic insect-resistant cotton, 25 to 30 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate is often required per mu.
Correct identification of potash potassium chloride is white or light brick red crystal, slightly hygroscopic. The pure potassium sulfate is white crystal, and the commercial fertilizer is grayish yellow, grayish green or light brown, and is not hygroscopic. These two kinds of potassium fertilizers do not melt when burned, there is a popping sound, and potassium ions of purple ions can be observed, and they are all soluble in water. Pseudo-fertility potassium fertilizer is insoluble in water, mostly red brick foam or gravel foam, which should be carefully identified when purchasing.
Adjusting the formula and applying potassium fertilizer Generally, the ratio of the three elements of conventional cotton nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is usually 1:0.3:0.5. After planting the transgenic cotton, it should be adjusted to 1:0.3:0.9~1. At present, cotton should be combined with the application of bud stage fertilizer. First, in the conditional farmers, try to apply some organic fertilizers made from straw stalks. Second, use compound fertilizer with high potassium content and mix with 10 to 15 kg. Potassium fertilizer; the third is to apply potash fertilizer along with cultivating, it should not be applied to the surface of the soil.
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