Avoid the "fight" of fertilizer
Method 1: Balanced fertilization
Partial application or multi-application of fertilizers on crops not only causes waste of fertilizer, increases production costs, but also leads to the lack of other nutrients. In wheat, corn, rice and other food crops, farmers often apply nitrogen fertilizer, causing crops to grow or fall; due to the antagonistic effect between nitrate ions and phosphate ions, the application of nitrate fertilizer should pay attention to the application of phosphate fertilizer. In the case of phosphorus deficiency in crops, zinc deficiency induced by excessive application of phosphate fertilizer is a typical antagonistic effect. In cash crops such as fruit trees and vegetables, excessive application of potassium fertilizer often leads to magnesium deficiency and calcium deficiency in crops. When fertilizing, it is necessary to “measure the quantity†according to the fertilizer structure of the crop and the fertility of the soil, and maintain the balance of nutrients.
Method 2: Apply special fertilizer
Relative to single-fertilizer, the ratio of nutrients for crop-specific compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers is appropriate. Therefore, special fertilizer should be used for fertilization, supplemented by elemental fertilizer. If there is no crop-specific fertilizer, for crops that require a large amount of potassium for fruit trees or vegetables with tubers and roots, it is possible to supplement the potassium fertilizer as a supplement on the basis of the general compound fertilizer.
Method 3: Apply organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is a comprehensive and balanced nutrient fertilizer. It contains not only the large amount of medium and trace elements necessary for plants, but also rich organic nutrients. After the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the soil, mature the soil, enhance the fertility and buffer capacity of the soil, and create good soil conditions for crop growth.
At the same time, the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are rationally combined and applied, complement each other and promote each other, which is beneficial to crop absorption, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and buffer or reduce the antagonistic effect between nutrients. It is necessary to apply qualified organic fertilizer products produced by regular manufacturers. Organic fertilizer with incomplete fermentation and unknown source of raw materials has great quality problems. For example, the salt, hormones, antibiotics, heavy metals and E. coli in the product exceed the standard. After application, it is easy to ferment the roots in the vicinity of the roots, causing the roots to be black and the roots to rot. The leaves are yellow and deciduous, the dead trees, the trees are weak, and the dead The phenomenon of trees.
Method 4: Rational selection of fertilizer form
In recent years, domestic fertilizer manufacturers have invested heavily in the research and development of chelating agents and their products, and have the ability to independently develop and produce chelating nutrients. The listing of domestic chelated nutrients has greatly helped crop yield increase. At present, the organic and inorganic liquid fertilizers prepared from humic acids, amino acids, chitins, alginic acids, etc. in the domestic market have obvious effects on crops, and the quality of products produced by regular manufacturers can be similar to those of foreign countries. Imported products are comparable. Iron, zinc, manganese and copper are preferably used as chelating fertilizers so that they can be applied together with other elements while avoiding antagonism.
Method 5: Change the fertilization method
If zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are mixed, it will inevitably produce "phase grams." Therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer should be used as top dressing to avoid application of phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer together. A large amount of elemental fertilizer such as NPK should be fertilized by rhizosphere. The method of applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can be applied. The method of concentrated fertilization can be applied to phosphate fertilizer. The micro-fertilizer should be sprayed according to the degree of deficiency and combined with root application; seed dressing, soaking, rooting and other methods can be used to limit the trace elements to the smaller part of the root, as far as possible without a large number of elements. contact.
Method 6: Fertilize according to soil characteristics
In the soil of potassium deficiency, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied together, but potassium fertilizer should not be applied too much, because potassium ions can also antagonize the absorption of calcium, magnesium and ammonium, which will cause calcium deficiency and magnesium deficiency in crops. Nitrogen application should not be applied too much on acidic soils, otherwise it is difficult to absorb calcium ions when the concentration of ammonium ions absorbed by crops is high. Some bitter pox diseases in apple-producing areas are calcium deficiency caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Method 7: Improve the soil
By improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, a suitable environment for crop growth is constructed. Farmers like to apply lime to acid soil to improve the soil. However, lime cannot be applied in excess or continuously. If the application of lime is excessive, it may cause problems such as boron deficiency, magnesium deficiency and phosphorus deficiency in crops, which are often found in fruit trees (such as citrus, bananas), vegetables (such as peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers) and other crops (such as cotton and rape). There have been. For the more acidic acid red soil in the south, conditions can be improved by applying biochar (mainly made from crop straws, etc.). At the same time, biochar can also improve soil organic matter, improve soil structure, activate nutrient segregants, and adsorb toxic metal ions, which not only can increase crop yield and quality, but also reduce nutrient leaching and improve nutrient utilization. (Hua Wanxiu)
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