The Birth of Artificial Life
According to the report of the “Connected†magazine website of the United States, after two and a half years of research and experimentation, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute in the United States have successfully carried out artificial DNA-activated cells experiments for the first time. The world's first "artificial life" was born.
Time flies back to October 1990 when the Human Genome Project was launched. The United States, Britain, Japan, France, Germany, and China included six countries one after another. The project will cost US$3 billion and complete the sequencing of the entire human genome in 2005. Work; 8 years later, Craig Venter also formed a privately owned gene research agency Celera. The efforts of the public and private parties finally took off in 2000. Clinton, the then president of the United States, announced that “the most important and most striking map ever produced by human beings†has been completed.
However, the emergence of new life is doomed to be long. It was not until early 2008 that the Craig Venter Institute announced that they had synthesized an artificial Mycoplasma genitalium with 485 genes and 580,000 base pairs, which is the smallest and simplest known genome. The life form. However, this slow-growing, specific cell type is not the ideal subject for research. They eventually selected larger, faster-growing filamentous goat Mycoplasma, and this time the selection proved to be correct. On a Friday in March, scientists injected more than a million pairs of artificial DNA base pairs into M. capricolum cells before leaving the laboratory. When they returned to the lab on Monday, they discovered that these cells were growing into a single cell population.
This success has made the scientist’s ideas for life more clear. They divided the artificial life into three steps: In the first step, four DNA bases, A, G, C, and T, were first created, and the 4 bases could be paired 580,000 times, synthesizing millions of DNA. Fragment; the second step is to "assemble" these fragments into DNA strands and generate a complete genetic map; in the final step, try to inject the synthetic genome into cells that have been depleted of genetic material to activate the cells. As long as the first artificial living organism survives successfully, the possibility that human beings create living organisms and invent new creatures will be proved.
The researchers finally synthesized a DNA called bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides and put it into another bacteria that was hollowed inside, called Mycoplasma gonorrhoeae. After many failures, they eventually rejuvenated the bacteria implanted with artificial DNA and began to reproduce in the laboratory's petri dishes. The researchers hope to take a better understanding of the basic mechanisms driving all of their lives and use genetic engineering to make certain types of bacteria for the production of fuel oils or for the elimination of toxic waste.
Craig Venter is not alone in the creation of new life. American biological engineer Drew Endy introduced a set of functionally defined DNA fragments called "biobricks" for users to use when assembling the genome; a group of Italian biologists headed by Pierre Luigi Luiz is not only ready to create new ones. The genome, but also intends to create cells for the living body to be created; In addition, Philip Marlier also tried to write a new gene score, but he used another method, relying on a DNA-like material.
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