Strictly prevent the spread of sweet potato black spot disease
It is very important to prevent the spread of diseased potatoes and spread pesticides in a timely manner. The China Pesticide Network Xiaobian gives you advice, the specific prevention measures are as follows:
It can occur during the growth period or storage period, mainly affecting potato seedlings and potato tubers, and does not harm green parts. The white part of the stem of the potato seedlings produces a black near-rounded slightly depressed spot, the latter stem rots, the plant dies, and the diseased part produces a mildew layer. The potato block is black with small round spots at the beginning of the disease. After expansion, it has a black-green disease with an irregularly contoured outline. The diseased sputum is gray-formed on the disease, and the black thorns are formed later. The diseased potato has bitter taste and can be stored during the storage period. Continue to spread, causing rottenness.
The morphological features of the ascidian crust produced by the sexual state are born in the center of the lesion. The ascospore shell has a spherical base, the upper part has a longitudinally striped long neck-shaped neck, an endogenous pear-shaped ascus, and 8 ascospore spores in each ascus. The ascospores are colorless, thin, and have a helmet-like shape with a size of 4.5 to 7.8 x 3.5 to 4.7 (um). Ascospores have a short life span but are important for the disease during storage. The hyphae are colorless and transparent at the beginning, and become dark brown after being matured, with a width of 3 to 5 μm, parasitic in the host cells or in the intercellular space. The asexual state produces conidia and chlamydospores. Conidia are produced from spore stalks at the top or side of the hyphae. Conidiophores are colorless, cylindrical to stick-shaped or dumbbell-shaped, with multiple ends at both ends, ranging in size from 9.3 to 50.6 x 2.8 to 5.6 (um). Immediately after the spore formation, it germinates, and sometimes a string of conidia is formed after germination, so that sclerotia is formed after 2 to 3 generations. Some also form chlamydospores after germination. The chlamydospores are dark brown, elliptical, and have a thick film with a size of 10.3 to 18.9 x 6.7 to 10.3 (um).
According to the pesticide network , the pathogens are overwintered in the soil of the storage raft or seedbed and the field with thick sputum spores or ascospores, and some are attached to the seed potato by mycelium or overwinter in the potato block with mycelium. It became the first source of infection in the leap year and the third year. The pathogen can directly invade the roots of the seedlings, and can also invade from the wounds, lenticels and roots on the potato chips, and frequently infect them after the onset.
The onset condition is low in the terrain, heavy soil in the soil or heavy rainy years, and the disease is high, the humidity is high, and the disease is heavy when the ventilation is not good.
Control methods (1) Establish disease-free seed fields, carefully select seed potatoes, and prevent the spread of diseased potatoes.
(2) Seed potato was soaked in 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times for 5 minutes.
(3) Selection of resistant varieties such as Jinshu No.6, Hushu No.2, Xiangshu No.15, Legacy 190 Sweet Potato, Lushu No.2, Lushu No.3, Lushu No.7, Beijing 553, Jishu No.10, etc. .
(4) After the high-cutting of the potato seedlings, the seedlings were soaked with 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 1500 times for 10 minutes, and the pesticides were required to be immersed to 1/3 to 1/2 of the vines.
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