First, nutritional characteristics
Peanut is the main oil crop in China, with wide adaptability and large planting area. The whole growth period is mostly 120-135 days, divided into early, middle and late mature varieties. The whole growth and development stages are divided into seedling stage, flowering stage, pod-forming stage and maturity stage. Peanuts need a lot of nutrients in their lifetime. Generally, every 100 kg of peanut pods need 4.8-6.3 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 0.9-1.3 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 2.5-3.5 kg of potassium (K2O). Like other legumes, roots have nodules, and rhizobium can fix free nitrogen in the air for its own nitrogen nutrition. Although phosphorus is less, phosphorus has a great influence on the growth and yield of peanuts. When phosphorus deficiency occurs, the leaves are dark green, the stems are thin, the nodules are less, the flowers are less, the fruit needles are less, and the pods are poorly developed. It can enhance the nitrogen fixation ability of the nodule and play the role of phosphorus fixation. The demand for nutrients varies from peanut to maturity. At the seedling stage, the absorption of NPK is very small, accounting for 5% of the total demand during the whole growth period; the flowering period is the vigorous period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and the demand for nutrients increases rapidly; The formation and enrichment, the absorption of nutrients reached a peak, accounting for about 50% of the total demand; the absorption of nutrients in the mature period declined rapidly. It can be seen that the nutrient supply in the flowering and pod-forming period is sufficient, which plays an important role in improving the yield and quality of peanuts.
Second, fertilization technology
1. Applying the base fertilizer: Because the number of nodules in the early stage of peanut growth is small, the nitrogen fixation ability is weak, and the fruit needle has been inserted into the soil in the middle and later stages, which is not suitable for fertilization. Therefore, it is very important to apply the base fertilizer to the peanut. Generally, before planting, combine the ploughing and land preparation, and apply the base fertilizer at one time to meet the demand for fertilizer in the whole growth period. In the conditional areas, the farmer's fertilizer should be applied as much as possible. In the middle-field, the farmyard manure is 2000-3000 kg, the 45% compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg, and the boron fertilizer is 1 kg. The high-yield field is 3000-4000 kg per farm. 45% compound fertilizer 40-50 kg, boron fertilizer 1-1.5 kg. In addition, peanuts are not recommended to apply seed fertilizers, especially when boron fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, it is strictly prohibited to be applied into the seeding ditch to avoid burning seedlings.
2, reasonable topdressing: peanuts on the basis of the application of base fertilizer, generally do not need topdressing, especially the coated peanuts are not convenient for topdressing. For open-surface peanuts or plots with poor soil fertility and insufficient base fertilizer, it is obvious that the seedlings should be properly topdressed in the seedling stage or the flowering stage. Generally, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied in combination with cultivating soil; Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea solution to prevent premature aging, promote pod fullness and increase yield.
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