Capillary principle
Principle introduction
When an object containing fine pores comes into contact with a liquid, the liquid thus rises, penetrates or descends along the pores. Capillary phenomena occur when the adhesion between the liquid and the solid (wall) is greater than the cohesion of the liquid itself. When the liquid is in a vertical thin tube, the liquid surface is concave or convex, and the porous material can absorb the liquid. Capillary action occurs because water is viscous—the property of water molecules sticking to each other. These objects can be glass, cloth, organ tissue or soil.
The thinner the capillary is, the less pronounced the pressure is, so the thinner the capillary is, the stronger it absorbs water perpendicular to the water surface.
Application example
The water absorbed by the roots of the plants can rise through the vascular bundles in the stems.
Immerse a paper towel in a glass of water and the water will "crawl" on the paper towel until it can't overcome the gravity of the earth (ie, the center of gravity). Because water is sticky, when the water in your cup splashes on the table, it does not flow to the ground, but instead forms a small arc of water on the table.
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