Application of turning steel materials in mechanical parts
Most of the mechanical parts are made of carbon and alloy structural steel. When turning such materials, more strip-shaped chips are formed. In order to remove the chips from the blank, the blade is subjected to a huge load, and the cut chips are swiftly slid out from the rake face of the blade. In the relative movement with the blade, a sharp friction surface is formed to form a high temperature, so the blade material not only has to be Wear-resistant, and high temperature resistance, to maintain hardness at high temperatures. Therefore, the cutting of such materials should use a P-type cemented carbide containing a large proportion of TiC + TaC. Today, in order to improve cutting efficiency; cutting speed; feed rate is getting higher and higher, P-type cemented carbide inserts are not competent. In the middle of the last century, a high-hardness film was deposited on a P-type hard blade, called coating. The coating thickness is only about 0.2% of the thickness of the insert, which greatly increases the life of the insert and accommodates higher cutting speeds. Coating technology has also been developed over the decades, ranging from single-layer to multi-layer or even nano-multilayers; thickness has increased from a few μm to more than a dozen μm, and even more, coating material properties and deposition techniques have also More and more advanced; the hard alloy as the base material has also evolved from a single isotropic to a tilting structure that meets the processing requirements.
In response to the cutting requirements of this largest quantity of materials, Mitsubishi has successfully introduced new UE series blade materials after years of research and development.
Figure 1: UE series tool materials for turning steel
Figure 1 succinctly shows the composition of the UE series, the various brands and their selection concept map. In the figure, the ordinate can be used to cut the depth (the amount of back knives) and the amount of feed on the abscissa. A circle with a notch can be seen at the origin of the coordinate, indicating the cutting conditions of the depth of cut and the feed amount near the 45-degree line. When performing the slight interrupted cutting, the specific grade of the UE series tool recommended is selected. Corresponding chipbreaker. For example, when the depth of cut and the feed are small, the UE6010 and SH chipbreaker can be selected. If the depth of cut and the feed amount increase substantially along the 45-degree line, it indicates that the chip cross-sectional area is gradually increased and the cutting load is gradually increased. , UE6010 material and MV and GH chipbreaker can be selected in turn. When the cutting area is larger, UE6020 material and Hx chipbreaker can be selected. If there is no keyway, notch, etc. on the workpiece, the cutting at this time is called continuous cutting. If the machining allowance is uniform, the surface of the workpiece is not cut, but the inner layer is cut, and if the mounting rigidity of the workpiece is high, it is not easy to produce. Vibration, when the cutting force is approximately constant, the cutting under the above conditions is a stable cutting range, as shown in the upper left of Figure 1. In this range of cutting, with the increase of depth of cut and feed, the UE6005 material and SH, MV, GH chipbreaker can be selected separately. When the depth of cut and the feed rate are larger, the UE6010 material and Hx can be selected. Chip flutes. At the lower right of Figure 1, there is a circle with four notches, which graphically shows that the workpiece is more severely interrupted when it is machined. Non-uniform machining allowance, non-worker inner layer cutting, but high hardness and non-uniform cutting of the skin or the rigidity of the workpiece is difficult to vibrate. It is an unstable cutting range. At this time, UE6020 material can be selected. With the increase of cutting depth and feed rate, the corresponding chipbreaker can be selected as before. When the unstable condition is more serious, the UE6035 and the corresponding chipbreaker should be used. Why choose this? Due to the UE series, these four materials are equivalent to different levels of ISO international standards from P01 to P40, respectively. The smaller the above number, the higher the hardness of the watch, the more wearable, the more suitable for higher cutting speed, the higher the number The higher the toughness of the large surface, the more resistant the impact, but the adaptive cutting speed is relatively low, which can be seen from the right recommended cutting conditions in Figure 1.
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