Using diamonds to create quantum bits at room temperature
According to a report by the Physicist Organization Network on July 3, a team of scientists at Harvard University in the United States created quantum bits at room temperature, storing information for nearly two seconds, and an earlier system life increased by almost six orders of magnitude. . Potential applications for this work include the final functional building of quantum computers. The findings are published in the latest issue of Science. How to create a key foundation of qubits or qubits in a solid-state system at room temperature is one of the challenges of quantum computing for a long time. In contrast, most systems today rely on complex and expensive equipment to capture a single atom or electron in a vacuum, and then the entire system is cooled to near absolute zero. The team is led by Harvard University physics professor Mikhail Lukin, including graduate students Georg and Peter Maurer and postdoctoral researcher Kristen Lata. They said they have broken through this problem and turned to diamonds, one of the purest ingredients on the planet. Lu Jin said: "We have been able to control this unprecedented qubit. It can measure high efficiency and fidelity at room temperature. It can encode data in it and can store it in a relatively long time. I believe this work is limited to technical issues, so it seems feasible to increase its lifetime to the hour range. At this point, it will be possible to generate many applications in reality." For the practical application of quantum computers, The researchers' ideas include "quantum cash", which means that bank transactions and credit card payment systems rely on the encoding of qubits to block currency fraud; quantum networks, a highly secure system communication method that uses quantum bits to transmit data. The groundwork for this groundbreaking study was that a few years ago researchers discovered in the nitrogen-hole (NV) center that laboratory-grown diamonds exhibited atomic-scale impurities in the same way as a single atom. Like a single atom, each center has a spin, which is similar to a strip magnet that can be polarized. Using lasers, researchers can not only control spin, but also detect their direction as it changes over time. The researchers used the impurities in the laboratory-grown diamonds to create qubits that kept the information stored for nearly two seconds. Specifically, the carbon 13 atoms in the crystal contain a spin of a nucleus, although weak, the NV center is affected by these spins, resulting in a short life cycle. The solution is to first reduce the connection between the NV center and the carbon 13 atoms in the crystal. A large amount of laser light is used to effectively maintain the NV center dominant and prevent it from interacting with carbon atoms. The diamond crystal is then bombarded with a specific set of radio frequency pulses to inhibit the interaction between the carbon 13 atoms and nearby atoms. This allows you to extend the life of the qubits and maintain data storage for longer periods of time. The end result is that the researchers can push the coherence time from milliseconds to nearly two seconds.
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