Successful development of new "breathable" sodium-carbon dioxide battery

The reporter was informed on the 16th that academician Chen Jun's group of the School of Chemistry of Nankai University used cheap sodium carbonate and carbon nanotubes to prepare sodium-free pre-filled "breathable" sodium-carbon dioxide batteries. Related achievements became the first published article in the first issue of "Research".

According to reports, the primary version of the "breathable" battery is a lithium-oxygen battery, which takes oxygen from the air during discharge and releases oxygen when charging, so it is called a "breathable" battery. The rechargeable sodium-carbon dioxide battery derived from this generally uses metallic sodium as the negative electrode and carbon and other materials as the positive electrode. The carbon dioxide is obtained from the outside during discharge, and the carbon dioxide is released during charging. Compared with lithium-oxygen batteries, this type of battery is rich in raw materials and easy to prepare, and also utilizes carbon dioxide gas as a resource to achieve green and sustainable development.

At present, there is a major difficulty in the development of sodium-carbon dioxide batteries: excessive metal sodium anodes are prone to form dendrites, which leads to safety hazards caused by short circuits in the battery, and the preparation of sodium metal is mainly through electrolytic melting of sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide, which consumes a lot of energy. . Chen Jun's group overcomes the difficulties such as poor conductivity of sodium carbonate, and prepares a cheap sodium carbonate composite material on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by dissolution method, and uses this as a positive electrode, and conductive carbon as a negative electrode. Fill the "breathable" sodium-carbon dioxide battery. The battery can successfully suppress the formation of dendrites by controlling the charging capacity, and the safety is greatly enhanced. After testing under the condition that the cut-off capacity is 0.3mAh / cm2, the charging voltage can still be lower than 4V after 100 cycles, and the research group has assembled A single battery with a capacity of 350mAh and an energy density of 183Wh / kg (based on the mass of the entire battery).

Sodium carbonate is easy to prepare in industry, and carbon widely exists in nature. The research results of Chen Jun's research group avoid the pre-filling of negative metal sodium, which can effectively reduce the hidden safety hazards of batteries and provide a new idea for safe battery design. In addition, the Martian atmosphere contains 95% carbon dioxide. This sodium-free pre-filled "breathable" sodium-carbon dioxide battery is expected to provide a potential electrochemical energy system for Mars exploration. (Reporter Sun Yusong correspondent Ma Chao)

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