Research and analysis on standards for installation and maintenance of heat exchange components
The structure of the process equipment heat exchange element should be safe and reliable, and the possibility of mutual penetration of the heat transfer body and the process medium should be avoided. The requirements for equipment, manufacturing, and reliability, and the test and monitoring procedures for the operation and working conditions of the heat exchange components shall be determined by departmental standard documents (specifications). For gas phase process equipment and gas pipelines, vapor condensation may occur depending on the conditions of the process. If necessary, there shall be means for collecting and discharging liquid. When the equipment is regularly cleaned according to the operating procedures of the process unit, it is necessary to use hydraulic equipment, mechanical equipment or chemical methods as usual to prevent personnel from staying in the equipment. Devices with explosive and fire hazard products shall be equipped with means for connection to water, steam, and inert gas piping. The device may also be equipped with a ventilator. For explosion and fire hazard process systems, the equipment and piping may be subjected to vibration during operation according to the nature of the work. There should be methods and measures to avoid vibrations acting on the seals and reduce vibration on adjacent components and building structures in the process system. The role.
The level of vibration allowed for individual types of equipment and its components (parts, parts), the method and equipment for its detection shall be in accordance with the relevant national standards and regulatory documents, and shall be reflected in the equipment technical documents. Equipment layout. The arrangement of process equipment and pipe fittings in the production plant and open air should ensure safe and convenient operation, and it is possible to carry out repairs and take operational measures to prevent accidents or localize accidents. The arrangement of process equipment and pipelines in the plant, in the open-air installation, and the layout of the bridges shall be considered for the possibility of visual inspection of the working conditions, completion of maintenance, repair and replacement. Explosion and fire hazard production process equipment shall not be arranged in: upper and lower of auxiliary workshop; under the bridge under the process pipeline with explosive products, corrosive articles and explosive dangerous substances; the site of open-air pumping station and compressor station, application Except in the case of oil-free sealed pumps, or special safety measures are taken to eliminate explosions and fire hazards falling on equipment that is low. Equipment that has been removed from the process system should be withdrawn from the plant when it is in the plant of Class I and Class II explosion hazard process projects, and in the remaining cases it should be isolated from the system currently in operation.
Roller bearing, one of the two members of the class of rolling, or so-called antifriction, bearings (the other member of the class is the Ball Bearing). Like a ball bearing, a roller bearing has two grooved tracks, or races, but the balls are replaced by rollers. The rollers may be cylinders or truncated cones. Only radial loads (i.e., loads perpendicular to the axis of rotation) can be carried when the rollers are cylindrical, but with conical rollers both radial and thrust, or axial, loads (i.e., ones parallel to the axis of rotation) can be carried. A needle bearing has cylindrical rollers that are relatively slender and completely fill the space between the races; in many cases the inner race is dispensed with. Because there is line contact between a roller and the races, while in a ball bearing there is point contact, in a given space a roller bearing can carry a greater radial load than a ball bearing.
Roller bearings are used in all main shaft and auxiliary drive shaft applications to support pure radial load, and allow for axial shaft elongation due to temperature changes with no additional load effect on the bearing. They are usually located at the ends of the turbine and compressor shafts and are often mounted in a housing, but separated from it by a layer of pressurized oil known as a squeeze film damper.
In many cases, instead of having a separate inner race for roller bearings, the [inner race" is an integral part of the shaft or stub shaft. This reduces complexity, weight, and build-up of concentricity tolerances. Overall, this is cost effective, but the cost of replacement or repair is likely to be higher than for separate inner races.
Roller Bearing,Self-Aligning Roller Bearing,Double Row Roller Bearing,Neddle Roller Bearing
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