Progress in fuel cell catalyst design research at Shanxi Coal Chemical Industry Institute
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has attracted wide attention because of its high energy density, convenient transportation and storage, and low pollution. However, the large amount of DMFC using Pt-based catalysts makes it expensive, and Pt is susceptible to poisoning and inactivation by methanol oxidation intermediates (especially CO), which severely limits the commercialization of DMFC. In the existing strategies for improving the activity and anti-poisoning ability of Pt-based catalysts and preparing low-cost and high-stability Pt-based catalysts, it is the easiest to design and construct a suitable catalyst carrier without changing the existing catalyst production technology. , A simple and effective method to achieve large-scale DMFC production. To this end, researchers at home and abroad are constantly developing various advanced carriers to obtain excellent performance.
Recently, the research team of Tong Xili of the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, on the basis of long-term silicon carbide research, found that the support of nano-silicon carbide supports can significantly reduce the use of Pt and maintain activity (more than 3 times the commercial Pt / C catalyst), At the same time, it has improved its anti-CO poisoning ability (Figure 1). The specific process is to dry etch the Si atoms on the surface of SiC by CCl4 dry method, and generate a layer of ultra-thin carbon in situ on the surface of SiC. The thickness of the carbon layer is controlled by the etching time. The material supports Pt catalysts and exhibits excellent catalytic methanol oxidation (MOR) performance. It is also found that with the thickening of the carbon layer, the performance of the catalyst to oxidize methanol is significantly improved, and the resistance to CO poisoning and stability are also greatly improved . The reaction mechanism of DFT calculation (Figure 2) shows that with the thickening of the surface carbon layer, the adsorption energy of CO on the catalyst Pt is significantly reduced, which slows the CO poisoning phenomenon of the catalyst; meanwhile, the adsorption energy of OH increases, which promotes Pt The oxidation of methanol molecules adsorbed on the surface significantly improves the acquisition.
The research was supported and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Relevant work was published in Small magazine as the main cover (DOI: 10.1002 / smll.201902951).
Figure 1 Commercial Pt / C, Pt / SiC and Pt / SiC-C (a) cyclic voltammogram and (b) anti-CO dissolution diagram
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of methanol oxidation mechanism of Pt particles on a silicon carbide substrate on carbon layers of different thicknesses
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