Photovoltaic-Building Integration (BIPV) Forms and Features
In the 1980s, photovoltaic ground systems began to enter general individual users, connected users, and commercial buildings, in addition to being widely used in remote and unpowered areas, nomadic households, nautical beacons, power supply for islanders, and certain special fields. After entering the 1990s, with the increasing depletion of conventional energy sources and the rising cost of power generation and people’s growing environmental awareness, some countries have started to implement and promote BIPV systems. There are two ways to combine photovoltaic and architecture: One is the combination of building and photovoltaic system; the other is the combination of building and photovoltaic devices.
1 The combination of building and photovoltaic system The packaged photovoltaic module (plate or curved panel) is installed on the roof of a residential house or building, and is connected with the inverter, battery, controller, load and other devices. Photovoltaic systems can also be connected to the public power grid through certain devices.
2 Buildings and Photovoltaic Devices Combining Construction and Photovoltaics is the integration of photovoltaic devices with building materials. The general building exterior protection surface uses paint, decorative tiles or curtain wall glass in order to protect and decorate the building. If we use photovoltaic devices instead of some building materials, that is, we use photovoltaic modules to make roofs, exterior walls, and windows of buildings, which can be used as building materials and can be used to generate electricity. For a frame-structure building, its entire enclosure structure can be made into a photovoltaic array, and the appropriate photovoltaic modules can be selected to absorb direct sunlight and absorb sunlight. Large-scale color photovoltaic modules have been developed so as to achieve the above objectives and make the building appearance more attractive.
The use of photovoltaic devices as building materials must meet several requirements for building materials: durability, thermal insulation, water and moisture resistance, and appropriate strength and stiffness. If it is used for windows, skylights, etc., it must be able to transmit light, that is to say it can generate electricity and light. In addition, factors such as safety performance, appearance, and ease of construction must also be considered.
With the use of photovoltaic devices instead of some building materials, in the future with the expansion of the surface, the scale of production of photovoltaic modules will also increase, it can reduce the cost of photovoltaic modules from the scale of benefits, is conducive to the promotion and application of photovoltaic products, so there is a huge Potential market.
From the perspective of architecture, technology and perspective, PV-building integration has the following advantages: 1) Networked systems PV arrays are generally installed on idle roofs or walls, and do not require additional land or additional facilities, and are suitable for densely populated areas. use. This is especially important for the expensive city buildings. 2 It can generate power in situ and use electricity in situ, and can save investment in power station transmission to the power grid within a certain distance. For connected home systems, the power generated by the PV array can be used both for the load of the building and for the grid. In rainy days, at night or when the light intensity is very small, the load can be supplied by the grid. As the photovoltaic array and the public power grid jointly supply power to the load, the reliability of the power supply is increased. 3 In summer, when it is in sunshine, due to the use of a large number of refrigeration equipment, a peak of electricity consumption in the grid is formed. This is when the PV arrays generate the most electricity. In addition to guaranteeing electricity for its own buildings, the BIPV system can also supply power to the grid, thereby alleviating peak demand for electricity. 4As the PV array is installed on the external protective structures such as roofs and walls, it absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy, which greatly reduces the outdoor comprehensive temperature, reduces the heat gain of the wall and the cooling load of the indoor air-conditioning, and saves energy, which is beneficial to ensure Indoor air quality. 5 Air pollution and waste residue pollution caused by the use of general fossil fuel power generation are avoided, which is more important for today's and future with strict environmental protection requirements. 6 Due to the assembly of photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic arrays are easy to install and can be used to select any generation capacity. 7 The installation of photovoltaic arrays on building envelopes can promote the large-scale production of PV components, which can further reduce the market price of PV components. This has greatly promoted the wide application of BIPV systems.
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