Davos focuses on five major technological changes, the manufacturing system is facing technological upgrading

With the development of new technologies such as robotics and 3D printing, the topic of technological innovation and industrial upgrading has continued to fertilize globally in recent years. The Davos Forum in Tianjin, which opened in Tianjin in 2014, also tried to focus on data analysis. Five major technological changes, exploring the impact of technology on business and society.

In the view of Shi Liwei, executive director of the World Economic Forum in China, the development of science and technology has fundamentally changed the enterprise, industry and economic structure, and brought new opportunities and challenges. "This forum will provide an opportunity for enterprises, governments and other leaders to deeply understand these changes and help them understand how to create value that benefits society through innovation." Shi Liwei told reporters.

The theme of this Summer Davos Forum is “Promoting Innovation to Create Value”; under the above theme, the Forum will delve into the technological changes in five areas of data analysis, nanotechnology, robotics, neuroscience and unconventional energy. Business and social impact.

In this regard, Zhao Xijun, deputy dean of the School of Finance and Finance of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with China News Service that with the new technological changes, a "post-mass production" world is coming, and the global manufacturing system will face technological upgrading. Opportunities and challenges. For labor-intensive Chinese manufacturing, the short-term will be affected, but it must be transformed and upgraded to fill the "short board" of technology.

In fact, the impact of the above five major technological changes on the manufacturing industry has become increasingly apparent. Taking energy change as an example, benefiting from the cost reduction caused by the development of shale gas technology, the US manufacturing industry has continued to recover since the second quarter of 2014. The latest report from the Institute for Supply Management (ISM) shows that US manufacturing continued to expand in August, and the US manufacturing purchasing managers index rose to 59 in August from 57.1 in July, the highest level since March 2011.

Zhang Xiaojing, a researcher in the Department of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed that with the evolution of the unconventional energy revolution such as shale gas in the United States in recent years, the United States has experienced a so-called energy boom, which has led to an increase in the overall self-sufficiency rate of energy, lower energy prices, and manufacturing in the United States. Development has gained a certain energy cost advantage and new investment growth points.

In addition to energy technology, in Zhang Xiaojing's view, the improvement of robotics technology is also an important reason for the recovery of US manufacturing. "In terms of labor costs, due to factors such as productivity improvement and labor market changes, especially the development of automation and robotics, the labor cost of manufacturing in the United States has declined significantly in recent years. From 2002 to 2011, among the G7 Group, the United States was The only country that has experienced a decline in unit labor costs."

Robotics has also received the attention of China's top management. Chinese President Xi Jinping said at the 17th Academician Meeting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in June that China must not only raise the level of domestic robots, but also occupy the market as much as possible; it must review the situation, consider it all, plan it, and push it forward.

Zhao Xijun analyzed that the robot revolution has promoted the substitution of machines for human brain labor. The impact is not only limited to the improvement of industrial production efficiency, but also fundamentally overcomes the conflict between product cost and product diversity under traditional industrial production methods. The performance of industrial products has been significantly improved, the product features have been greatly enriched, and the product development cycle has been greatly reduced. This is of great significance for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.

"From the perspective of China's national conditions, in addition to strengthening research and development, and absorbing international technology, we must also take into account the problem of the replacement of the labor force replaced by machines, and vigorously develop the service industry." Zhao Xijun said.

It is also worth noting that Deutsche Bank recently released a report saying that despite the strong performance of the US manufacturing industry since the second quarter, the export growth of major Asian economies has been sluggish during the same period. Among them, Japan's exports in July fell to 3.9% year-on-year, South Korea's exports in August also declined, and Indonesia and Thailand's exports in five months in seven months decreased. The report believes that the US manufacturing recovery will no longer drive the rebound in Asian exports, reflecting the weakening demand relationship between the US and Asian exporters.

In this regard, Zhao Xijun analyzed that, thanks to technological innovation, the current “manufacturing industry” in the United States is concentrated in high-end manufacturing fields such as medical machinery and new energy vehicles, and does not exactly match the supply lists of Asian exporting countries. It may be further weakened and will have a major impact on the foreign trade pattern of the United States and Asian countries.

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