Crude oil import volume biomass energy development potential to be tapped
Since February, the international oil price has been rising steadily, but China's crude oil imports are still continuously increasing, and the foreign dependence has reached 60%. Experts said that China's oil supply and demand gap is still large, and it is necessary to take precautions to replace alternative energy sources. The development potential of biomass energy is worth further exploration.
According to the latest data released by the General Administration of Customs, from January to April this year, China’s crude oil imports increased by 11.8% year-on-year. Although the current international oil price is still at a relatively low level, it has rebounded by more than 70% compared with the 12-year low set at the beginning of the year. Compared with the unit price of imports in February, the unit price of crude oil per ton in China rose by 14.6% in April.
Experts believe that biomass energy, as a renewable energy source, can be widely used in the transportation sector to make up for the shortage of domestic oil, and the potential is worth further exploration.
According to Hu Haifeng, chief economist of Jiangsu Lianhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., compared with ordinary gasoline, ethanol gasoline can reduce PM2.5 by about 40%, hydrocarbon concentration by 42.7%, and carbon monoxide emission by 34.8%. Since 2000, China has consumed more than 17 million tons of biofuel ethanol, which is equivalent to reducing the import of more than 90 million tons of crude oil. Among them, the domestic consumption of burning ethanol in 2015 was 2.3 million tons, and the consumption of ethanol gasoline (E10) added to fuel ethanol was 22 million tons, accounting for 19.5% of the country's total gasoline consumption of 113 million tons.
In fact, in the early stage of development, biomass energy bears the shackles of “competing with food†and “competing with the peopleâ€, so it has been controversial. However, in recent years, under the guidance of the adjustment of national fiscal and taxation policies, China's fuel ethanol industry has gradually shifted to the comprehensive utilization of non-food economic crops and cellulose raw materials, and actively carried out the construction of process and demonstration projects.
Internationally, with the vigorous promotion of governments, fuel ethanol has developed into a worldwide emerging renewable energy industry. More than 50 countries have developed biofuel support policies, including provisions for blending indicators or directives, and giving tax incentives. These are due to energy security strategies, sustainable agricultural development and the revitalization of the rural economy, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation of environmental pollution.
Jian Jianmin, director of the Energy and Plant Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and Ph.D. student tutor, participated in the “ECF Biomass Energy Seminar 2016†in Shanghai. The first generation of international fuel ethanol was converted from starch, corn, and aged starch, and sweet. The crop sugarcane and sugar beet are converted into ethanol. The second generation of fuel ethanol is converted into ethanol by plant straw cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The third-generation fuel ethanol raw material selection is high-efficiency, high assimilation rate, high yield, high-yield, anti-reverse full-layer edible sweet sorghum (sorghum), kenaf, bamboo and so on.
Zhang Shichu, a biomass energy expert at the Shanghai Unconventional Energy Research Center and chairman of Shanghai Zhongwei Biochemical Co., Ltd., said that heavy salinization, desertification, and degraded land were treated and improved after the cultivation of hemp crops, and received state-related funding. Hemp crops will absorb more than 2 tons of carbon dioxide per mu per year, which can be applied to clean development policies and carbon sink transactions.
After decades of rapid development, biomass has accounted for about 10% of the world's primary energy supply structure, becoming the fourth largest energy source. However, in China, biomass energy started late, and the proportion of primary energy supply structure is still small. The EU's biomass energy accounts for up to 60% of renewable energy, while China's biomass energy accounts for less than 10% of renewable energy.
“The total amount of resources that can be used as biomass energy in China is about 460 million tons of standard coal per year, and the current utilization is only about 22 million tons of standard coal.†Expert Consultant of Shanghai Low Carbon Technology and Industrial Development Association Special Committee, Shanghai Society Wu Xiaojiang, a researcher at the Academy of Sciences, said that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, China’s biomass energy development and utilization of unfinished planning indicators, biomass molding fuel consumption only completed 70% of the plan, liquid biomass fuel only reached 50% of the plan.
Wu Xiaojiang said that as a large agricultural country, China produces more than 700 million tons of straw resources each year. However, the annual incineration of straw is about 300 million tons, resulting in a contribution rate of more than 30%. If the biomass biomass rapid pyrolysis preparation liquid fuel technology is promoted, the abundant straw resources can be converted into a huge amount of bio-oil oil ore. In addition, China's agriculture and animal husbandry produce a large amount of organic waste, as well as a large amount of biomass waste in the city, which can become a rich resource of biogas. The use of biogas to purify and purify clean biomass natural gas is to alleviate the shortage of natural gas resources in China's mineral deposits.
Compared with solar energy and wind energy, biomass energy has the characteristics of low-cost storage and more stable and continuous energy supply. From the assessment of energy economic value, biomass solid molding fuel has a high calorific value and the cost of use is much lower than that of petroleum. In addition, liquid biomass fuel is compatible with automobiles and gas stations, which is economical and convenient, and can avoid the dilemma of insufficient charging facilities and insufficient battery storage capacity during the promotion of electric vehicles.
However, Lin Boqiang, director of the China Energy Economic Research Center of Xiamen University, said that China's biomass energy is still relatively "small" and does not form a scale advantage. At present, international oil prices are at a low level. If tax factors are not considered, the economic advantages of biomass energy compared with ordinary gasoline are not obvious. Therefore, the biomass energy industry still needs to further accelerate cultivation, form scale advantages, and improve its economy.
According to the latest data released by the General Administration of Customs, from January to April this year, China’s crude oil imports increased by 11.8% year-on-year. Although the current international oil price is still at a relatively low level, it has rebounded by more than 70% compared with the 12-year low set at the beginning of the year. Compared with the unit price of imports in February, the unit price of crude oil per ton in China rose by 14.6% in April.
Experts believe that biomass energy, as a renewable energy source, can be widely used in the transportation sector to make up for the shortage of domestic oil, and the potential is worth further exploration.
According to Hu Haifeng, chief economist of Jiangsu Lianhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., compared with ordinary gasoline, ethanol gasoline can reduce PM2.5 by about 40%, hydrocarbon concentration by 42.7%, and carbon monoxide emission by 34.8%. Since 2000, China has consumed more than 17 million tons of biofuel ethanol, which is equivalent to reducing the import of more than 90 million tons of crude oil. Among them, the domestic consumption of burning ethanol in 2015 was 2.3 million tons, and the consumption of ethanol gasoline (E10) added to fuel ethanol was 22 million tons, accounting for 19.5% of the country's total gasoline consumption of 113 million tons.
In fact, in the early stage of development, biomass energy bears the shackles of “competing with food†and “competing with the peopleâ€, so it has been controversial. However, in recent years, under the guidance of the adjustment of national fiscal and taxation policies, China's fuel ethanol industry has gradually shifted to the comprehensive utilization of non-food economic crops and cellulose raw materials, and actively carried out the construction of process and demonstration projects.
Internationally, with the vigorous promotion of governments, fuel ethanol has developed into a worldwide emerging renewable energy industry. More than 50 countries have developed biofuel support policies, including provisions for blending indicators or directives, and giving tax incentives. These are due to energy security strategies, sustainable agricultural development and the revitalization of the rural economy, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation of environmental pollution.
Jian Jianmin, director of the Energy and Plant Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and Ph.D. student tutor, participated in the “ECF Biomass Energy Seminar 2016†in Shanghai. The first generation of international fuel ethanol was converted from starch, corn, and aged starch, and sweet. The crop sugarcane and sugar beet are converted into ethanol. The second generation of fuel ethanol is converted into ethanol by plant straw cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The third-generation fuel ethanol raw material selection is high-efficiency, high assimilation rate, high yield, high-yield, anti-reverse full-layer edible sweet sorghum (sorghum), kenaf, bamboo and so on.
Zhang Shichu, a biomass energy expert at the Shanghai Unconventional Energy Research Center and chairman of Shanghai Zhongwei Biochemical Co., Ltd., said that heavy salinization, desertification, and degraded land were treated and improved after the cultivation of hemp crops, and received state-related funding. Hemp crops will absorb more than 2 tons of carbon dioxide per mu per year, which can be applied to clean development policies and carbon sink transactions.
After decades of rapid development, biomass has accounted for about 10% of the world's primary energy supply structure, becoming the fourth largest energy source. However, in China, biomass energy started late, and the proportion of primary energy supply structure is still small. The EU's biomass energy accounts for up to 60% of renewable energy, while China's biomass energy accounts for less than 10% of renewable energy.
“The total amount of resources that can be used as biomass energy in China is about 460 million tons of standard coal per year, and the current utilization is only about 22 million tons of standard coal.†Expert Consultant of Shanghai Low Carbon Technology and Industrial Development Association Special Committee, Shanghai Society Wu Xiaojiang, a researcher at the Academy of Sciences, said that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, China’s biomass energy development and utilization of unfinished planning indicators, biomass molding fuel consumption only completed 70% of the plan, liquid biomass fuel only reached 50% of the plan.
Wu Xiaojiang said that as a large agricultural country, China produces more than 700 million tons of straw resources each year. However, the annual incineration of straw is about 300 million tons, resulting in a contribution rate of more than 30%. If the biomass biomass rapid pyrolysis preparation liquid fuel technology is promoted, the abundant straw resources can be converted into a huge amount of bio-oil oil ore. In addition, China's agriculture and animal husbandry produce a large amount of organic waste, as well as a large amount of biomass waste in the city, which can become a rich resource of biogas. The use of biogas to purify and purify clean biomass natural gas is to alleviate the shortage of natural gas resources in China's mineral deposits.
Compared with solar energy and wind energy, biomass energy has the characteristics of low-cost storage and more stable and continuous energy supply. From the assessment of energy economic value, biomass solid molding fuel has a high calorific value and the cost of use is much lower than that of petroleum. In addition, liquid biomass fuel is compatible with automobiles and gas stations, which is economical and convenient, and can avoid the dilemma of insufficient charging facilities and insufficient battery storage capacity during the promotion of electric vehicles.
However, Lin Boqiang, director of the China Energy Economic Research Center of Xiamen University, said that China's biomass energy is still relatively "small" and does not form a scale advantage. At present, international oil prices are at a low level. If tax factors are not considered, the economic advantages of biomass energy compared with ordinary gasoline are not obvious. Therefore, the biomass energy industry still needs to further accelerate cultivation, form scale advantages, and improve its economy.
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