China's cemented carbide industry status and development trend
1 Status of China's Cemented Carbide Industry China's cemented carbide industry has grown from scratch in the past 50 years and has achieved great results. However, the overall technical level is still far from the current world advanced level.
1·1 achieved gratifying results (l) Cemented carbide production: At present, there are more than 160 cemented carbide production plants (points) in China. In 2001, the total output of cemented carbide in the country has exceeded 10,000 tons, ranking first in the world. It is a famous cemented carbide producing country.
(2) Export volume of cemented carbide: The export volume of cemented carbide has increased from less than 100t/a in the 1960s and 1970s to around 1,200t/a today, accounting for about 20% of the world's cemented carbide market circulation. . Foreign exchange earning has also increased from less than $4 million/a to more than $40 million/a.
(3) The production varieties are basically complete: it is applied to various fields such as metal cutting, mining, drawing molds, wear parts, and some deep processing products can be produced. (4) Continuous improvement of equipment and process technology: through continuous research and development, and digestion and absorption of imported technology, high-efficiency ball milling, spray drying granulation, high-precision press, vacuum sintering, pressure sintering, grinding in the production process of cemented carbide A series of advanced equipment and process technologies such as coatings have been applied to different degrees by different manufacturers. The Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. controlled by Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Co., Ltd. is designed and built according to the advanced level of modern cemented carbide production in terms of environment, equipment, process technology and quality standards. It was in 2002. Formally put into production in the quarter, laid a good foundation for improving product quality and developing first-class new products.
1.2 Forming a competitive landscape Like all other industries, the market economy has led to fierce competition among China's cemented carbide producers. On the one hand, famous foreign manufacturers set up factories in China, taking CNC tools as an example. There are Swedish Sandvik Langfang subsidiaries in the north, Pudong new bases in the south with Kennametal in the South, old European books, some manufacturers of this kind have already Hundreds of sales points are available in many important cities in China. Some companies in Luxembourg, South Korea, and Germany have already sold their rolls, top hammers, and pressure cylinders to Chinese users at a low price. The strategy of foreign companies is to firmly control the technological advantages, not transfer or even joint ventures, concentrate on the possession of the Chinese market, its technical capital, business philosophy, market experience are significantly better than Chinese companies, to China's high-grade carbide products Development has brought tremendous pressure. At the same time, the competition among domestic enterprises has become increasingly fierce. During the period, some enterprises have been eliminated, and some private and joint-stock enterprises have been searching for their own development space in the broad application fields of hard alloys, fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses and developing and growing. On the positive side, it can be foreseen that this competitive pattern will promote the continuous development of China's cemented carbide industry as long as it is properly guided by the situation.
There is a big gap between 1.3 and (1) R&D investment is small and innovation ability is poor. China's cemented carbide industry, there is still no high-level research and development institutions, due to the gap between funds and talents and management, the research and development capabilities of high-end products are weak, it is difficult to produce original results with their own property rights, so the technical transformation of enterprises is difficult to obtain Strong technical support. It is understood that Sweden's Sandvik's Coromant plant, the R & D investment in 2000 was 550 million kronor, equivalent to the total investment in the Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Plant for nearly 30 years.
(2) The equipment grade is low, the gap is large: the high-grade special equipment applied to the research and development and production of cemented carbide mainly relies on imports, and the domestic equipment is very different. Due to funds and other reasons, there are few manufacturers capable of purchasing imported equipment, which is domestic The number of advanced equipment used in the plant is also very limited, which brings great difficulties for research and development and production.
(3) Disconnection of alloy production and tool production: Foreign cemented carbide plants are often also tool manufacturers, which is very beneficial to the development of cemented carbide tools. Due to historical reasons, cemented carbide and tool production belong to the management of metallurgical and mechanical systems, which leads to long-term disconnection between cemented carbide production and tool production. So far, the development of high-grade cemented carbide tools has not been solved.
(4) Low economic efficiency of the industry: Due to the above reasons, China's cemented carbide industry is large in scale, but has few high value-added products, such as high-performance alloys, abrasive coating products, special shaped products, precision carbide tools, etc. The high-grade products are small in quantity and the quality is not high. Because the value-added products are several times or even dozens of times higher than the medium and low-grade cemented carbides, the efficiency of China's cemented carbide manufacturers is generally not high. According to market research and analysis, the market share of several outstanding foreign companies in the Chinese market is less than 1% in terms of production, and more than 10% in terms of sales revenue.
2 Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China's Cemented Carbide Industry China has joined the WTO, and the cemented carbide industry, like other industries, will fulfill its obligations while enjoying the rights under the framework of the multilateral trading system agreement. Enterprises are the mainstay of market competition. China's hard alloy enterprises will directly face the global market and compete with internationally renowned multinational companies. This is facing a new development opportunity and a new one for the majority of hard alloy enterprises. Big challenge.
2.1 Opportunities Facing the demand for hard alloys in domestic and foreign markets is expanding, and China's cemented carbide industry faces a rare opportunity.
(l) Domestic market: Due to the country's implementation of a proactive and stable macroeconomic policy, China's national economy continues to grow, and the annual output of cemented carbide in the country has increased by more than 1,000 tons in the past three years. For example, from January to September 2002, domestic steel, automobile, building materials, coal, integrated circuit manufacturing and other industries increased by 19%, 33%, 11%, 18•3%, and 35.3%, respectively. The total production value has increased by about 8% compared with the previous year. From the statistics of the cemented carbide industry, the cemented carbide output will have new growth in 2002, and it is expected to exceed 11,000 tons. For a considerable period of time in the future, China's national economy will continue to develop rapidly, providing a good space for development of cemented carbide. At the same time, the demand for high-grade cemented carbide will continue to expand. Take the automobile industry as an example. According to the data provided by the German Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company, the cost of each cemented carbide tool of Mercedes-Benz is about 200 marks. The production volume of automobiles is 3.2 million units, and in 2010, it will reach 6 million units. The cost of cemented carbide tools will reach 4 billion and 8 billion respectively. In the motorcycle manufacturing industry similar to the automobile industry, the demand for cemented carbide tools will also increase. With the continuous development of the country's construction, the application of CNC machine tools and machining centers will be more and more in various industries. There is also a huge market for the demand for high-grade carbide inserts and tools. In recent years, the application of hard alloys has begun to penetrate into the civil decoration industry, such as bracelets, case, zipper heads and signs of luggage, and even clothes buttons have begun to be applied. It can be imagined how much room for development.
(2) Foreign markets: According to statistics, the annual production of cemented carbide is about 32 000 tons worldwide, including the annual sales revenue of its supporting tools exceeding 10 billion US dollars. The circulation of cemented carbide in the international market is about 6,000 tons. The export volume of cemented carbide in China has accounted for about 20%, and all of them are medium and low-grade products. According to the forecast released by the Asian Bank's "Asia Development Outlook 2002" report, there will be new growth in the Asian economy this year. The growing intra-Asian trade will play an important supporting role in China's product exports, India, Pakistan, and the Gulf. The demand for medium and low-grade alloys in the country and many third world countries is growing. The export of medium and low grade alloys is our country's advantage, but we must be soberly aware that although China's export of hard alloys accounts for 20% of the world's hard alloy international market circulation, sales revenue only accounts for 1.5%, high-grade cemented carbide. With considerable economic benefits, Chinese entrepreneurs and experts engaged in the hard alloy industry should cherish resources, quickly get rid of the vicious competition of low-end products, and strive to develop high value-added products. 2. 2 Development trend of cemented carbide technology and research and development focus In the mid-1980s, many experts and scholars thought that the development of cemented carbide has reached a historical period of relatively stable and difficult to make major breakthroughs. However, the development of high-tech has completely changed. This view. In the 1990s, companies representing the world's advanced carbide grades achieved outstanding technical achievements. New technologies, new materials, and new processes have been successfully researched and widely used to form industries, such as ultra-fine nano-hard alloys, functionally graded materials, advanced coating alloys, net forming technology, cI application in production processes, and high performance in cermets. High-precision hard alloys and high-efficiency precision tools are constantly being introduced to the market, with strong market adaptability and competitiveness. In the face of new trends in the development of cemented carbide technology, we must strive to catch up.
(l) High-precision hard alloys and matching tools. In order to adapt to the development of the automotive industry and high-tech products, with the popularization of CNC machine tools and machining centers, ordinary tools gradually evolved toward modular tool systems, with indexing accuracy and radial runout. The micron level enables high speed, high efficiency and high precision machining of parts. Coating tools that meet this process are still in a strong upward trend. Coating technology has also been continuously improved, becoming more complex and diversified. From the initial cvD to the current CVD, PVD, PCVD coexistence, the coating matrix is ​​constantly updated, and the coating type is also from a single compound coating to a complex The coating of the compound develops, and the number of coatings ranges from several layers to more than ten layers. Recently, a company in the United States has reported the research results of nano-coating. The number of coatings can reach 100 layers, so its service life can reach more than 4 times that of ordinary cvD coated alloy blades. In addition, diamond coatings, cBN coatings, etc. are also increasingly being pursued by major companies around the world, and some products have already been introduced to the market.
(2) Functionally graded materials: The hardness and toughness of cemented carbides are a pair of contradictions, and the high degree of unity of the two is the goal pursued by researchers. In recent years, researchers have achieved a uniformity of hardness and toughness by sintering or melt-permeating in a controlled atmosphere through a cemented carbide-poor or Q-rich structure to achieve a distribution of the binder phase as needed. This technology has been increasingly applied to the production of rock drilling tools, top hammers, coated blade substrates, etc., so that the cost performance of the alloy is significantly improved. It is reported that Japan has developed a special structure of cermet tools with a relatively rich surface c and a migration of wc particles to the center. These research results show good prospects for the continuous improvement of the quality of cemented carbide, and its market prospects will be very large in recent years. development of.
(3) Development of ultra-fine and nano-hard alloys: Due to the rapid development of integrated circuit integration brought about by the information technology revolution, it is used for micro-processing of micron-sized, such as the current size of micro-drilled carbide, and the diameter is small. @.1 mm, print pin @.smm. Such materials require high hardness while requiring high strength, and the hardness of HRA93.5 cemented carbide can exceed 5,000 MPa. This demand has enabled ultra-fine, nano-material technology to quickly and efficiently enter the field of cemented carbide research and develop rapidly. This field is rich in research, including nano-scale wc-co composite powder and other refractory metal carbides, solid solution and other milling technology research, nano-scale cemented carbide production technology research, nano-alloy sintering new technology, new equipment, nano-coating Layer alloy technology, nano-scale coating materials research, nano-powder and nano-alloy analysis, detection technology research, and related basic theoretical research. The deepening of research shows a good prospect for the development of high-performance cemented carbide.
(4) Research on net forming technology: The so-called hard alloy net forming technology includes high-precision molding technology, injection molding technology, extrusion technology, powder rolling technology, and slurry casting technology. These technologies are closely related to the efficient production of cemented carbide and the continuous expansion of applications. In recent years, injection molding technology has developed rapidly, and it is no exception in China. This technology can produce products with complex shapes and very close to the final size of the product. In solid carbide spiral milling cutters, integral spherical milling cutters, integral alloy drills, especially in decorative carbides such as bracelets, cases, hook fish There are more and more applications such as pendants, high-end buttons and product signs. In-depth research on net forming technology will enable the application of cemented carbide to continue to develop.
(5) The development of cermet and non-metal ceramics is rapid: in high-speed finishing, cermet, non-metal ceramic tools, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond and diamond coated tools have been rapidly developed and applied abroad. The research is developing towards ultra-fine nanostructures, whisker (fiber) toughened composite ceramics, and new applications of pressure sintering. It is foreseeable that its application range will partially replace cemented carbide and save precious tungsten resources as the material performance continues to improve. The proportion of ceramic tool applications in developed countries is expanding. For example, Japan and cermet tools account for one-third of indexable tools. Ceramic tool materials do not need to be drilled or used in small quantities. This is undoubtedly a direction in which China should increase its research and development.
(6) In-depth study of basic theory: The rapid development of foreign cemented carbide technology is solid and inseparable from the study of basic theory. China’s research work in this area is particularly weak. In the near future, it is necessary to speed up the study of the influence of the microscopic properties of powder on the physical and mechanical properties of powder materials, accelerate the upgrading of the quality of raw material powder products, study the influence of the microstructure of material components on the performance of materials, and establish a corresponding database of new materials. Improve the independent development capability of new products; study the control law of densification and mass migration of alloy sintering process to accelerate the development of gradient functional materials and composite materials; study the serialization and grade optimization of hard alloy troughs, and quickly form Chinese intellectual property rights High-performance precision cutting tool series.
(7) Application of computer integration technology in the manufacture of cemented carbide: famous foreign companies have transformed the traditional management mode of computer integration technology, namely from market forecasting and analysis, contract signing, product design, processing and manufacturing, material supply, quality assurance. , product sales, until after-sales service and other aspects are organically combined to form a highly automated, overall optimized computer integrated intelligent marketing production system, while traditional manual loading and unloading boats, pressing, semi-inspection, dry sintering, etc. The operation in the manufacturing process realizes the intelligent robot, which makes the product precision and material performance stable under the control state, thereby improving the reliability and production efficiency of the product quality, and providing powerful for producing high quality and high performance cemented carbide. Guarantee.
The cemented carbide industry has developed greatly in China, but the gap is still large compared with foreign advanced manufacturers. The industry has shown good development prospects and opportunities in front of us. We should seize this opportunity and cherish our precious resources and face challenges. Through our unremitting efforts, we will turn our tungsten resource advantages into industrial advantages. Make new contributions to the revitalization of China.
1·1 achieved gratifying results (l) Cemented carbide production: At present, there are more than 160 cemented carbide production plants (points) in China. In 2001, the total output of cemented carbide in the country has exceeded 10,000 tons, ranking first in the world. It is a famous cemented carbide producing country.
(2) Export volume of cemented carbide: The export volume of cemented carbide has increased from less than 100t/a in the 1960s and 1970s to around 1,200t/a today, accounting for about 20% of the world's cemented carbide market circulation. . Foreign exchange earning has also increased from less than $4 million/a to more than $40 million/a.
(3) The production varieties are basically complete: it is applied to various fields such as metal cutting, mining, drawing molds, wear parts, and some deep processing products can be produced. (4) Continuous improvement of equipment and process technology: through continuous research and development, and digestion and absorption of imported technology, high-efficiency ball milling, spray drying granulation, high-precision press, vacuum sintering, pressure sintering, grinding in the production process of cemented carbide A series of advanced equipment and process technologies such as coatings have been applied to different degrees by different manufacturers. The Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. controlled by Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Co., Ltd. is designed and built according to the advanced level of modern cemented carbide production in terms of environment, equipment, process technology and quality standards. It was in 2002. Formally put into production in the quarter, laid a good foundation for improving product quality and developing first-class new products.
1.2 Forming a competitive landscape Like all other industries, the market economy has led to fierce competition among China's cemented carbide producers. On the one hand, famous foreign manufacturers set up factories in China, taking CNC tools as an example. There are Swedish Sandvik Langfang subsidiaries in the north, Pudong new bases in the south with Kennametal in the South, old European books, some manufacturers of this kind have already Hundreds of sales points are available in many important cities in China. Some companies in Luxembourg, South Korea, and Germany have already sold their rolls, top hammers, and pressure cylinders to Chinese users at a low price. The strategy of foreign companies is to firmly control the technological advantages, not transfer or even joint ventures, concentrate on the possession of the Chinese market, its technical capital, business philosophy, market experience are significantly better than Chinese companies, to China's high-grade carbide products Development has brought tremendous pressure. At the same time, the competition among domestic enterprises has become increasingly fierce. During the period, some enterprises have been eliminated, and some private and joint-stock enterprises have been searching for their own development space in the broad application fields of hard alloys, fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses and developing and growing. On the positive side, it can be foreseen that this competitive pattern will promote the continuous development of China's cemented carbide industry as long as it is properly guided by the situation.
There is a big gap between 1.3 and (1) R&D investment is small and innovation ability is poor. China's cemented carbide industry, there is still no high-level research and development institutions, due to the gap between funds and talents and management, the research and development capabilities of high-end products are weak, it is difficult to produce original results with their own property rights, so the technical transformation of enterprises is difficult to obtain Strong technical support. It is understood that Sweden's Sandvik's Coromant plant, the R & D investment in 2000 was 550 million kronor, equivalent to the total investment in the Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Plant for nearly 30 years.
(2) The equipment grade is low, the gap is large: the high-grade special equipment applied to the research and development and production of cemented carbide mainly relies on imports, and the domestic equipment is very different. Due to funds and other reasons, there are few manufacturers capable of purchasing imported equipment, which is domestic The number of advanced equipment used in the plant is also very limited, which brings great difficulties for research and development and production.
(3) Disconnection of alloy production and tool production: Foreign cemented carbide plants are often also tool manufacturers, which is very beneficial to the development of cemented carbide tools. Due to historical reasons, cemented carbide and tool production belong to the management of metallurgical and mechanical systems, which leads to long-term disconnection between cemented carbide production and tool production. So far, the development of high-grade cemented carbide tools has not been solved.
(4) Low economic efficiency of the industry: Due to the above reasons, China's cemented carbide industry is large in scale, but has few high value-added products, such as high-performance alloys, abrasive coating products, special shaped products, precision carbide tools, etc. The high-grade products are small in quantity and the quality is not high. Because the value-added products are several times or even dozens of times higher than the medium and low-grade cemented carbides, the efficiency of China's cemented carbide manufacturers is generally not high. According to market research and analysis, the market share of several outstanding foreign companies in the Chinese market is less than 1% in terms of production, and more than 10% in terms of sales revenue.
2 Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China's Cemented Carbide Industry China has joined the WTO, and the cemented carbide industry, like other industries, will fulfill its obligations while enjoying the rights under the framework of the multilateral trading system agreement. Enterprises are the mainstay of market competition. China's hard alloy enterprises will directly face the global market and compete with internationally renowned multinational companies. This is facing a new development opportunity and a new one for the majority of hard alloy enterprises. Big challenge.
2.1 Opportunities Facing the demand for hard alloys in domestic and foreign markets is expanding, and China's cemented carbide industry faces a rare opportunity.
(l) Domestic market: Due to the country's implementation of a proactive and stable macroeconomic policy, China's national economy continues to grow, and the annual output of cemented carbide in the country has increased by more than 1,000 tons in the past three years. For example, from January to September 2002, domestic steel, automobile, building materials, coal, integrated circuit manufacturing and other industries increased by 19%, 33%, 11%, 18•3%, and 35.3%, respectively. The total production value has increased by about 8% compared with the previous year. From the statistics of the cemented carbide industry, the cemented carbide output will have new growth in 2002, and it is expected to exceed 11,000 tons. For a considerable period of time in the future, China's national economy will continue to develop rapidly, providing a good space for development of cemented carbide. At the same time, the demand for high-grade cemented carbide will continue to expand. Take the automobile industry as an example. According to the data provided by the German Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company, the cost of each cemented carbide tool of Mercedes-Benz is about 200 marks. The production volume of automobiles is 3.2 million units, and in 2010, it will reach 6 million units. The cost of cemented carbide tools will reach 4 billion and 8 billion respectively. In the motorcycle manufacturing industry similar to the automobile industry, the demand for cemented carbide tools will also increase. With the continuous development of the country's construction, the application of CNC machine tools and machining centers will be more and more in various industries. There is also a huge market for the demand for high-grade carbide inserts and tools. In recent years, the application of hard alloys has begun to penetrate into the civil decoration industry, such as bracelets, case, zipper heads and signs of luggage, and even clothes buttons have begun to be applied. It can be imagined how much room for development.
(2) Foreign markets: According to statistics, the annual production of cemented carbide is about 32 000 tons worldwide, including the annual sales revenue of its supporting tools exceeding 10 billion US dollars. The circulation of cemented carbide in the international market is about 6,000 tons. The export volume of cemented carbide in China has accounted for about 20%, and all of them are medium and low-grade products. According to the forecast released by the Asian Bank's "Asia Development Outlook 2002" report, there will be new growth in the Asian economy this year. The growing intra-Asian trade will play an important supporting role in China's product exports, India, Pakistan, and the Gulf. The demand for medium and low-grade alloys in the country and many third world countries is growing. The export of medium and low grade alloys is our country's advantage, but we must be soberly aware that although China's export of hard alloys accounts for 20% of the world's hard alloy international market circulation, sales revenue only accounts for 1.5%, high-grade cemented carbide. With considerable economic benefits, Chinese entrepreneurs and experts engaged in the hard alloy industry should cherish resources, quickly get rid of the vicious competition of low-end products, and strive to develop high value-added products. 2. 2 Development trend of cemented carbide technology and research and development focus In the mid-1980s, many experts and scholars thought that the development of cemented carbide has reached a historical period of relatively stable and difficult to make major breakthroughs. However, the development of high-tech has completely changed. This view. In the 1990s, companies representing the world's advanced carbide grades achieved outstanding technical achievements. New technologies, new materials, and new processes have been successfully researched and widely used to form industries, such as ultra-fine nano-hard alloys, functionally graded materials, advanced coating alloys, net forming technology, cI application in production processes, and high performance in cermets. High-precision hard alloys and high-efficiency precision tools are constantly being introduced to the market, with strong market adaptability and competitiveness. In the face of new trends in the development of cemented carbide technology, we must strive to catch up.
(l) High-precision hard alloys and matching tools. In order to adapt to the development of the automotive industry and high-tech products, with the popularization of CNC machine tools and machining centers, ordinary tools gradually evolved toward modular tool systems, with indexing accuracy and radial runout. The micron level enables high speed, high efficiency and high precision machining of parts. Coating tools that meet this process are still in a strong upward trend. Coating technology has also been continuously improved, becoming more complex and diversified. From the initial cvD to the current CVD, PVD, PCVD coexistence, the coating matrix is ​​constantly updated, and the coating type is also from a single compound coating to a complex The coating of the compound develops, and the number of coatings ranges from several layers to more than ten layers. Recently, a company in the United States has reported the research results of nano-coating. The number of coatings can reach 100 layers, so its service life can reach more than 4 times that of ordinary cvD coated alloy blades. In addition, diamond coatings, cBN coatings, etc. are also increasingly being pursued by major companies around the world, and some products have already been introduced to the market.
(2) Functionally graded materials: The hardness and toughness of cemented carbides are a pair of contradictions, and the high degree of unity of the two is the goal pursued by researchers. In recent years, researchers have achieved a uniformity of hardness and toughness by sintering or melt-permeating in a controlled atmosphere through a cemented carbide-poor or Q-rich structure to achieve a distribution of the binder phase as needed. This technology has been increasingly applied to the production of rock drilling tools, top hammers, coated blade substrates, etc., so that the cost performance of the alloy is significantly improved. It is reported that Japan has developed a special structure of cermet tools with a relatively rich surface c and a migration of wc particles to the center. These research results show good prospects for the continuous improvement of the quality of cemented carbide, and its market prospects will be very large in recent years. development of.
(3) Development of ultra-fine and nano-hard alloys: Due to the rapid development of integrated circuit integration brought about by the information technology revolution, it is used for micro-processing of micron-sized, such as the current size of micro-drilled carbide, and the diameter is small. @.1 mm, print pin @.smm. Such materials require high hardness while requiring high strength, and the hardness of HRA93.5 cemented carbide can exceed 5,000 MPa. This demand has enabled ultra-fine, nano-material technology to quickly and efficiently enter the field of cemented carbide research and develop rapidly. This field is rich in research, including nano-scale wc-co composite powder and other refractory metal carbides, solid solution and other milling technology research, nano-scale cemented carbide production technology research, nano-alloy sintering new technology, new equipment, nano-coating Layer alloy technology, nano-scale coating materials research, nano-powder and nano-alloy analysis, detection technology research, and related basic theoretical research. The deepening of research shows a good prospect for the development of high-performance cemented carbide.
(4) Research on net forming technology: The so-called hard alloy net forming technology includes high-precision molding technology, injection molding technology, extrusion technology, powder rolling technology, and slurry casting technology. These technologies are closely related to the efficient production of cemented carbide and the continuous expansion of applications. In recent years, injection molding technology has developed rapidly, and it is no exception in China. This technology can produce products with complex shapes and very close to the final size of the product. In solid carbide spiral milling cutters, integral spherical milling cutters, integral alloy drills, especially in decorative carbides such as bracelets, cases, hook fish There are more and more applications such as pendants, high-end buttons and product signs. In-depth research on net forming technology will enable the application of cemented carbide to continue to develop.
(5) The development of cermet and non-metal ceramics is rapid: in high-speed finishing, cermet, non-metal ceramic tools, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond and diamond coated tools have been rapidly developed and applied abroad. The research is developing towards ultra-fine nanostructures, whisker (fiber) toughened composite ceramics, and new applications of pressure sintering. It is foreseeable that its application range will partially replace cemented carbide and save precious tungsten resources as the material performance continues to improve. The proportion of ceramic tool applications in developed countries is expanding. For example, Japan and cermet tools account for one-third of indexable tools. Ceramic tool materials do not need to be drilled or used in small quantities. This is undoubtedly a direction in which China should increase its research and development.
(6) In-depth study of basic theory: The rapid development of foreign cemented carbide technology is solid and inseparable from the study of basic theory. China’s research work in this area is particularly weak. In the near future, it is necessary to speed up the study of the influence of the microscopic properties of powder on the physical and mechanical properties of powder materials, accelerate the upgrading of the quality of raw material powder products, study the influence of the microstructure of material components on the performance of materials, and establish a corresponding database of new materials. Improve the independent development capability of new products; study the control law of densification and mass migration of alloy sintering process to accelerate the development of gradient functional materials and composite materials; study the serialization and grade optimization of hard alloy troughs, and quickly form Chinese intellectual property rights High-performance precision cutting tool series.
(7) Application of computer integration technology in the manufacture of cemented carbide: famous foreign companies have transformed the traditional management mode of computer integration technology, namely from market forecasting and analysis, contract signing, product design, processing and manufacturing, material supply, quality assurance. , product sales, until after-sales service and other aspects are organically combined to form a highly automated, overall optimized computer integrated intelligent marketing production system, while traditional manual loading and unloading boats, pressing, semi-inspection, dry sintering, etc. The operation in the manufacturing process realizes the intelligent robot, which makes the product precision and material performance stable under the control state, thereby improving the reliability and production efficiency of the product quality, and providing powerful for producing high quality and high performance cemented carbide. Guarantee.
The cemented carbide industry has developed greatly in China, but the gap is still large compared with foreign advanced manufacturers. The industry has shown good development prospects and opportunities in front of us. We should seize this opportunity and cherish our precious resources and face challenges. Through our unremitting efforts, we will turn our tungsten resource advantages into industrial advantages. Make new contributions to the revitalization of China.
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